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This article contains coding and other guidelines that complement the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Molecular Pathology Procedures.
Specific Coding of Molecular Testing Panels
The submission of claims using individual gene CPT codes, when either 5-50 or >50 gene panels are ordered, is considered incorrect coding. Correct coding requires that when a panel code is ordered, it should be billed, rather than the individual gene codes. CPT code 81445 or 81450 should be billed when 5 to 50 genes are ordered. CPT code 81455 should be billed when 51 or greater genes are ordered for molecular biomarkers. Please refer to Local Coverage Determination L37810 Genomic Sequence Analysis Panels in the Treatment of Solid Organ Neoplasms and the associated Article A56867. When a panel with greater than one or less than five genes is ordered, use the corresponding existing panel CPT code or CPT code 81479 if none exists.
Coding Information:
Coding guidance in this article is categorized into four, distinct CPT/HCPCS sections:
· CPT/HCPCS section-Group1-Tier 1 Covered Codes for which limited coverage may be provided for the genetic tests and for which specific ICD-10-CM diagnosis to CPT procedure groupings may be listed
· CPT/ HCPCS section-Group 2-Tier 1 Codes that require Individual Review for which coverage may be provided for the genetic tests submitted, if documentation supports medical necessity, and for which specific ICD-10-CM diagnosis to CPT procedure groupings may be listed.
· CPT/HCPCS section-Group 3-Tier 1 Non-covered Codes for which genetic testing is unlikely to impact therapeutic decision-making in the clinical management of the patient and will be denied automatically as not medically necessary.
· CPT/HCPCS section-Group 4- Tier 2/NOC Covered Code/Gene Combinations for which limited coverage may be provided for specific genes listed in the Group 4 paragraph; Tier 2/NOC Individual Review Code/Gene Combinations; Tier 2/NOC Non-covered Code/Gene Combinations.
Abstract:
According to The American Medical Association (AMA) Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) manual, molecular pathology procedures are medical laboratory procedures involving the analyses of nucleic acid to detect variants in genes that may be indicative of germline (e.g., constitutional disorders) or somatic (e.g., neoplasia) conditions, or to test for histocompatibility antigens (e.g., HLA). Given the elimination of the stacking procedure codes (83890-83914) and the array based evaluation codes (88384-88386), molecular pathology codes now include all analytical services performed in the test (e.g., cell lysis, nucleic acid stabilization, extraction, digestion, amplification, and detection). (Note: molecular pathology procedure techniques may be described in other sections of the Pathology and Laboratory section of CPT. For microbial identification using molecular pathology techniques CPT codes 87149-87153, 87470-87801, and 87900-87904 apply. For in situ hybridization analyses, CPT codes 88271-88275 and 88365-88368 apply.) Code selection is typically based on the specific gene(s) that is being analyzed. Codes that describe tests to assess for the presence of gene variants use common gene variant names. Typically, all of the listed variants would be tested. However, these lists are not exclusive. If other variants are also tested in the analysis, they would be included in the procedure and not reported separately. Full gene sequencing should not be reported using codes that assess for the presence of gene variants unless the CPT code specifically states full gene sequence in the code descriptor. In other words, you may only assign the CPT code that is described as “full gene sequence” if the test assay performed was a full gene sequence. There are Tier 1 and Tier 2 molecular pathology procedure codes. Tier 1 codes generally describe testing for a specific gene or HLA locus. Tier 2 molecular pathology procedures represent procedures that are generally performed in lower volumes than Tier 1 molecular pathology procedures (e.g., the incidence of the disease being tested is rare). They are arranged by level of technical resources and interpretive work by the physician or other qualified healthcare professional. If the gene tested is not listed under one of the Tier 2 codes or is not represented by a Tier 1 code in CPT, use of the Not Otherwise Classified (NOC) CPT code 81479 is required.
Many applications of the molecular pathology procedures are not covered services given lack of benefit category (e.g., preventive service or screening for a genetic abnormality in the absence of a suspicion of disease) and/or failure to the reasonable and necessary threshold for coverage (e.g., based on quality of clinical evidence and strength of recommendation or when the results would not reasonably be used in the management of a beneficiary). Furthermore, payment of claims in the past (based on stacking codes) or in the future (based on the new code series) is not a statement of coverage since the service may not have been audited for compliance with program requirements and documentation supporting the reasonable and necessary testing for the beneficiary. Certain molecular pathology procedures may be subject to prepayment medical review (records requested) and paid claims must be supportable, if selected, for post payment audit by the MAC or other contractors. Molecular pathology tests for diseases or conditions that manifest severe signs or symptoms in newborns and in early childhood or that result in early death (e.g., Canavan disease) could be subject to automatic denials since these tests are not usually relevant to a Medicare beneficiary.
Molecular pathology procedures have broad clinical and research applications. The following examples of applications may not be relevant to a Medicare beneficiary or may not meet a Medicare benefit category and/or reasonable and necessary threshold for coverage. Such examples include Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling (when applicable) for:
• Disease Risk
• Carrier Screening
• Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
• Gene Expression Profiling for certain cancers
• Prenatal Diagnostic testing
• Diagnosis and Monitoring Non-Cancer Indications, and
• Several Pharmacogenomic applications.
Indications and Limitations of Coverage by CPT Code
CPT Code 81170 ABL1 (ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) (eg, acquired imatinib tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance), gene analysis, variants in the kinase domain is considered medically necessary in patients with acute lymphoblasic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Codes 81206, 81207, and 81208 BCR/ABL is indicated in patients with suspected CML with either persistent, unexplained leukocytosis or thrombocytosis. BCR/ABL is considered medically necessary in the evaluation of individuals with chronic myelogenous leukemia or BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia to evaluate treated individuals who manifest suboptimal response to initial tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy or loss of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.
CPT Code 81209 BLM (Bloom syndrome, RecQ helicase-like)(e.g. Bloom syndrome) gene analysis, 2281 del6ins7 variant is considered medically necessary for a beneficiary who may have Bloom syndrome to confirm diagnosis and guide medical decision-making.
CPT Code 81210 BRAF gene analysis is considered medically necessary for patients who have malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, hairy cell leukemia, or metastatic colorectal cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.
CPT Codes 81162-81367, 81212, 81215, 81216, 81217 BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing is considered medically necessary for a beneficiary with a current diagnosis or a personal history of a cancer associated with the BRCA mutation who meets one or more of the criteria found in the most recent version of the NCCN guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian or other evidence based guideline addressing genetic testing, and the results will be used to benefit the individual tested in terms of potential to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81218 CEBPA (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein [C/EBP], alpha) (eg, acute myeloid leukemia), full gene sequence is considered medically necessary in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81219 CALR (calreticulin) (eg, myeloproliferative disorders), gene analysis, common variants in exon 9 is considered medically necessary in the initial diagnostic work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2-negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF).
CPT Codes 81220, 81221, 81222, 81223, 81224 CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) (e.g.cystic fibrosis) gene analysis, common variants (e.g. ACMG/ACOG guidelines) is considered medically necessary for a beneficiary who has or may have cystic fibrosis to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Code 81225 CYP2C6 19-cytochrome P450 CYP2C6 19-cytochrome P450 Based on the FDA’s Black Box warning for clopidogrel, the effectiveness of clopidogrel is dependent on its activation to an active metabolite by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, principally CYP2C19. CYP2C619 genotyping may be medically necessary once per lifetime to identify individuals:
- Who are poor metabolizers of clopidogrel, so that alternative treatment or treatment strategies can be considered
- Who are poor metabolizers of clopidogrel with acute coronary syndrome or who are undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
CPT Code 81226 CYP2D6 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D polypeptide 6) (e.g., drug metabolism), gene analysis, is only considered medically necessary for individuals with Huntington’s disease for whom doses of tetrabenazine greater than 50 mg per day are being considered, and for testing prior to the initiation of CerdelgaTM (eliglustat) for Gaucher’s disease.
CPT Code 81227 Use only G9143 CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 Gene Testing for Warfarin Response Pharmacogenomic Testing for Warfarin Response, gene testing on CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 see NCD 90.1 for coverage information.
Use CPT code 81227 for CYP2C9 genotyping for individuals who have a relapsing form of multiple sclerosis, and require CYP2C9 genotyping for dosing in accordance with the FDA prescribing information for Mayzent. CYP2C9 testing must include the *1, *2, and *3 alleles that are necessary to safely dose the FDA-approved drug Mayzent.
CPT Code 81235 EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) (eg, non-small cell lung cancer) gene analysis, common variants (eg, exon 19 LREA deletion, L858R, T790M, G719A, G719S, L861Q) [when specified as EGFR mutation analysis testing] EGFR testing is considered medically necessary as a technique to predict treatment response for individuals with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (for example, erlotinib [Tarceva® ], gefitinib [Iressa® ], or afatinib [Gilotrif® ]).
CPT Code 81240 and 81241 F2 gene (prothrombin coagulation factor II) and F5 gene (coagulation factor V) The F2 and F5 genetic tests are not considered to be clinically efficacious; therefore, testing is not medically necessary.
CPT Codes 81245, 81246 The FLT3 is considered medically necessary in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT code 81256 The HFE (hemochromatosis)(hereditary hemochrosis) gene analysis, common variants (e.g. C282Y, H63D) is considered medically necessary in patients with iron overload of uncertain etiology (e.g. when the test is used to avoid liver biopsy in someone when the ferritin and the transferrin saturation are elevated greater than 45%). The genotyping of patients with iron overload of uncertain etiology is allowed only once per lifetime.
CPT codes 81261-81264 The IGH@ (Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus) is considered medically necessary for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma, B-cell to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT codes 81265-81268 Chimerism analysis to identify appropriate donors and monitor engraftment success or disease reoccurrence is considered medically necessary. CPT code 81265 includes donor and recipient testing and should be reported with one unit of service. Except in rare cases, this service would only be performed once per lifetime.
CPT code 81266 describes a service that may be used for two different reasons: additional births and bone marrow transplant. When used in bone marrow transplants to report an additional double-cord blood sample, it is a covered service. Since its use to report multiple births would be atypical for the Medicare population, it would not be a covered service.
CPT code 81267 is considered medically necessary in patients with diagnoses of leukemia and lymphomas and should be used post transplantation to confirm successful engraftment or disease reoccurrence. Although the original donor specimen may be referenced, an additional 81265 should not be submitted in addition to the 81267 service.
For labs that hold the pre-transplant specimen (81265 and/or 81266) until after the transplant occurs, use 81267 plus 81265 and 81266 if necessary. CPT code 81267 may be reported for the findings of the pre and post-transplant comparison. CPT code 81268 may be used to report chimerism using a buccal or other germline tissue specimen from the recipient post-transplantation.
For laboratories that hold the pre-transplant specimen (81265 and/or 81266) until after the transplant occurs, use 81267 plus 81265 and 81266 if necessary.
National Government Services would not expect to see a claim for 81265 pre-transplant and an additional 81265 and 81267 post-transplant or a claim for CPT codes 81265 pre-transplant and an additional claim for 81268.
Note: Although the initial chimerism testing, CPT code 81265, for engraftment is usually limited to once in a lifetime, National Government Services recognizes special circumstances may require an additional service and will consider approval on a case-by-case basis through the appeal process.
CPT Code 81270 JAK2 V617F genotyping is considered medically necessary in the initial diagnostic work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2-negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) (polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) or a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Note: JAK2 (exons 12 and 13) (reported with 81403) is medically necessary in individuals for whom PV is a strong consideration.
CPT Codes 81272, 81273 CPT Code 81272 KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (eg, gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST], acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma), gene analysis, targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 8, 11, 13, 17, 18) is considered medically necessary in patients who have GIST, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or melanoma to guide therapeutic decision making. CPT Code 81273 KIT (v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (eg, mastocytosis), gene analysis, D816 variant(s) is considered medically necessary in patients who have mastocytosis to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81275 KRAS gene analysis, variants in codons 12 and 13, is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.
CPT Code 81276 KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (e.g., carcinoma) gene analysis; additional variant(s) (e.g., codon 61, codon 146) is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.
CPT Code 81287 MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme), methylation analysis) is considered medically necessary in patients with malignant brain neoplasm to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81291 MTHFR (5,10-methyenetetrahydrofolate reductase) (e.g. hereditary hypercoaguability), gene analysis, common variants(e.g., EG, 677T, 1298C) is not considered to be clinically efficacious; therefore, testing is not medically necessary.
CPT Code 81301 Microsatellite instability analysis (e.g., hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome) of markers for mismatch repair deficiency (e.g. BAT25, BAT26), includes comparison of neoplastic and normal tissue and is considered medically necessary in individuals who have colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed at less than or equal to 70 years of age, and those greater than 70 years who meet the revised Bethesda Lynch Syndrome (LS) guidelines to guide therapeutic decision-making. Despite the high penetrance of CRC and endometrial cancer and recommendations of consideration for screening unaffected first-degree relatives following diagnosis of an LS proband, testing of genetic carriers who are unaffected with a Lynch- related cancer is not a Medicare benefit, and is statutorily excluded from coverage.
MSI testing is also required by FDA for the clinical use of Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in a restricted population of patients. These are patients who have unresectable or metastatic solid tumors who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative options. When Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is a potential clinically appropriate therapeutic choice, MSI testing is medically necessary in these patients. Because this is a wide-ranging population of advanced cancer patients, ICD-10 specificity is impractical, therefore use an ICD-10 appropriate for the tumor type and location.
CPT Code 81305 MYD88 genetic test is considered medically necessary in patients with Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL), Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL) to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Code 81310
NPM1 (nucleophosmin) is considered medically necessary in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81311 NRAS (neuroblastoma RAS viral [v-ras] oncogene homolog) (e.g., colorectal carcinoma), gene analysis, variants in exon 2 (e.g., codons 12 and 13) and exon 3 (e.g., codon 61) is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.
CPT Code 81313 PCA3 testing is considered medically necessary in patients ONLY when all biopsies in previous encounter(s) are negative for prostatic cancer, the subsequent prostate specific antigen (PSA) is rising, and when the patient or physician wants to avoid repeat biopsy (“watchful waiting”). When the physician plans to biopsy the prostate, NGS will consider a PCA3 test as not medically necessary, and thus, not a covered Medicare benefit. NGS considers all other indications for PCA3 not reasonable and necessary. Medical record documentation must indicate the rationale to perform a PCA3 assay.
CPT Code 81314 PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide) (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST]), gene analysis, targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 12, 18) is considered medically necessary in patients with PDGFRA-associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia or GIST caused by mutations in the PDGFRA gene to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Codes 81315, 81316 PML/RARALPHA, (T(15;17)), (PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA) (EG, PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA) TRANSLOCATION ANALYSIS; COMMON BREAKPOINTS (EG, INTRON 3 AND INTRON 6), QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE is considered medically necessary in patients with promyelocytic leukemia.
CPT code 81332 SERPINA1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, alpha-1- antiproteinase, antitrypsin, member 1) (e.g., antitrypsin deficiency), gene analysis, common variants (e.g. *S and *Z) is considered medically necessary for patients who have antitrypsin deficiency to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Codes 81340, 81341, 81342 TRB@ (T CELL antigen receptor, BETA) (e.g., leukemia and lymphoma), gene rearrangement analysis to detect abnormal cloning population(s); using amplification methodology is considered necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making for individuals with acute lymphoid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. TRG@ (T CELL antigen receptor, GAMMA ) (e.g., leukemia and lymphoma), gene rearrangement analysis , evaluation to detect abnormal cloning population(s) are considered medically necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making for individuals with acute lymphoid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and T cell prolymphocytic leukemia and mastocytosis.
CPT Codes 81370- 81383 HLA Class I or II typing is considered medically necessary when one of the following indications is met:
- Transplantation:
- Standard of care determination of HLA matching for solid organ transplant (donor/recipient). – Solid organ transplant registries include both serological HLA testing (e.g., crossmatch) and genomic molecular DNA typing. Family members, or unrelated living donors or cadaveric donors who donate bone marrow or a solid organ are HLA tested pre-transplant to determine compatibility with the potential recipients.
- Standard of care determination of HLA matching for solid organ transplant (donor/recipient). – Solid organ transplant registries include both serological HLA testing (e.g., crossmatch) and genomic molecular DNA typing. Family members, or unrelated living donors or cadaveric donors who donate bone marrow or a solid organ are HLA tested pre-transplant to determine compatibility with the potential recipients.
- Standard of care identification of determination of HLA matching for hematopoietic stem cell/bone marrow transplantation -allele-level typing will provide clinical guidance for the HLA-A,B,C Class I and DRB1, DQB1,DPB1, and DQA1 Class II loci in the average transplant program because it is well established that mismatches at certain HLA loci between donor-recipients are closely linked to the risk of graft versus host disease. Potential marrow donors may enroll with a national registry such as the United States National Marrow Donor Program or the Canadian Blood Services registry.
- Disease Association:
- Standard of care testing to diagnose certain HLA related diseases/conditions when the testing is supported by the clinical literature and is informative for the direct management of a patient bearing a certain allele(s). It is not expected that more than one test would be required in a given beneficiary’s lifetime. Possible covered indications when standard laboratory testing (tissue typing) not adequate:
- HLA-B*27 for the diagnosis of certain cases of symptomatic patients with presumed ankylosing spondylitis or related inflammatory disease. HLA-B*27 is covered for ankylosing spondylitis in cases where other methods of diagnosis would not be appropriate or have yielded inconclusive results (NCD 190.1).
- In the work-up of certain patients with an unclear diagnosis of celiac disease and gluten hypersensitivity usually related to ambiguous standard laboratory results and/or inconsistent biopsy results (e.g., HLA-DQ2 by HLA-DQB1*02 and of DQ8 by HLA-DQB1*0302).
- Pharmacogenetics:
- Standard of care testing to diagnose certain HLA related drug hypersensitivity reactions when the testing is supported by the clinical literature and is informative for the direct management of a patient bearing a certain allele(s) associated to fatal skin drug reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis). It is not expected that more than one test would be required in a given beneficiary’s lifetime. Possible covered indications:
- HLA –B*5701 when testing performed prior to the initiation of an abacavir-containing regime in the treatment of HIV Infection.
- HLA-B*1502 when genotyping may be useful for risk stratification when the testing is performed prior to the initiation of carbamazepine therapy in the treatment of patients at high risk of having this allele. HLA-B*1502 occurs almost exclusively in patients with ancestry across broad areas of Asia, including South Asian Indians.
- Identification of HLA compatible platelets for transfusion when standard typing is not adequate.
CPT Code 81168 CCND1/IGH 81278 (BCL1/IgH, t)(eg, mantle cell lymphoma) translocation analysis, major breakpoint, qualitative and quantitative, if performed is considered medical necessary for patients who have non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Code 81338 MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), common variants (eg, W515A, W515K, W515L, W515R) is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis (PMF).
CPT Code 81339 MPL (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), exon 10 sequence is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis (PMF).
CPT Codes 81279 JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), (exon 12 sequence and exon 13 sequence) and 0027U (Janus kinase 2) (e.g., myeloproliferative disorder), gene analysis, targeted sequence analysis exons 12-15 are considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL and JAK2 (V617F variant) negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting polycythemia vera.
CPT code 81404, 81351, 81352, and 81405 RET (ret-proto-oncogene) is considered medically necessary in patients with medullary CA of thyroid, multiple endocrine neoplasia, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid tumors) to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT code 81404 MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) (eg, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), duplication/deletion and CPT code 81405 MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) e.g. multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), duplication/deletion analysis) are considered medically necessary in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT codes 81352 TP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. tumor samples), targeted sequence analysis of 2-5 exons, and CPT code 81351 TP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. Li-Fraumeni syndrome, tumor samples), full gene sequence or targeted sequence analysis of >5 exons are considered medically necessary in individuals who have Acute Myelogenous Leukemia or Myeloplastic Disease to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Code 81406 ATP7B is considered medically necessary in patients with symptoms of Wilson’s disease to guide therapeutic decision making.
CPT Code 81445 Targeted genomic sequence analysis panel, solid organ neoplasm, DNA analysis, and RNA analysis when performed, 5-50 genes (EG, ALK, BRAF, CDKN2A, EGFR, ERBB2, KIT, KRAS, NRAS, MET, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PGR, PIK3CA, PTEN, RET), interrogation for sequence variants and copy number variants or rearrangements, if performed is considered not medically necessary except when used to guide treatment decision making in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (please refer to LCD L37810).
CPT code 81479 and 81347 ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase is considered medically necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individuals specific clinical presentation. MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase, is considered medically necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individuals specific clinical presentation. 81347 RARS (SF3B1 mutation) is considered medically necessary in patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome to guide therapeutic decision-making.
CPT Code 81519 Oncology (breast), mRNA, gene expression profiling by real-time RT-PCR of 21 genes, utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue, algorithm reported as recurrence score is considered medically necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making in patients with the following findings:
- estrogen-receptor positive, node-negative carcinoma of the breast
- estrogen-receptor positive micrometastases of carcinoma of the breast, and
- estrogen-receptor positive breast carcinoma with 1-3 positive nodes.
CPT Code 81520 Prosigna® Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay is considered medically necessary in patients who have undergone surgery in conjunction with locoregional treatment consistent with standard of care, either as:
- A prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in post- menopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-negative, Stage I or II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors.
- A prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in post- menopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-positive (1-3 positive nodes}, Stage II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors. The device is not intended for patients with 4 or more positive nodes
CPT Code 81595 Cardiology (heart transplant), mRNA, gene expression profiling by real-time quantitative PCR of 20 genes (11 content and 9 housekeeping), utilizing subtraction of peripheral blood, algorithm reported as rejection risk score is considered medically necessary for heart transplant patients to guide therapeutic decision-making.
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