SUPERSEDED LCD Reference Article Billing and Coding Article

Billing and Coding: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A57047

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Draft Articles are works in progress and not necessarily a reflection of the current billing and coding practices. Revisions to codes are carefully and thoroughly reviewed and are not intended to change the original intent of the LCD.
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Note History

Contractor Information

Article Information

General Information

Source Article ID
N/A
Article ID
A57047
Original ICD-9 Article ID
Not Applicable
Article Title
Billing and Coding: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Article Type
Billing and Coding
Original Effective Date
09/12/2019
Revision Effective Date
01/05/2023
Revision Ending Date
11/15/2023
Retirement Date
N/A

CPT codes, descriptions, and other data only are copyright 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/HHSARS apply.

Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not recommending their use. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein.

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CMS National Coverage Policy

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Article Guidance

Article Text

This article gives guidance for billing, coding, and other guidelines in relation to local coverage policy L36469-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

General Guidelines for Claims submitted to Part A or Part B MAC:

Procedure codes may be subject to National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits or OPPS packaging edits. Refer to NCCI and OPPS requirements prior to billing Medicare. For services requiring a referring/ordering physician, the name and NPI of the referring/ordering physician must be reported on the claim. A claim submitted without a valid ICD-10-CM diagnosis code will be returned to the provider as an incomplete claim under Section 1833(e) of the Social Security Act. The diagnosis code(s) must best describe the patient's condition for which the service was performed. For diagnostic tests, report the result of the test if known; otherwise the symptoms prompting the performance of the test should be reported.

Advance Beneficiary Notice of Non-coverage (ABN) Modifier Guidelines

An ABN may be used for services which are likely to be non-covered, whether for medical necessity or for other reasons. Refer to CMS Publication 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 30, for complete instructions.

Effective from April 1, 2010, non-covered services should be billed with modifier –GA, -GX, -GY, or –GZ, as appropriate.

The –GA modifier (“Waiver of Liability Statement Issued as Required by Payer Policy”) should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they anticipate that Medicare will deny a specific service as not reasonable and necessary and they do have an ABN signed by the beneficiary on file. Modifier GA applies only when services will be denied under reasonable and necessary provisions, sections 1862(a)(1), 1862(a)(9), 1879(e), or 1879(g) of the Social Security Act. Effective April 1, 2010, Part A MAC systems will automatically deny services billed with modifier GA. An ABN, Form CMS-R-131, should be signed by the beneficiary to indicate that ‎he/she accepts responsibility for payment.‎ The -GA modifier may also be used on assigned claims when a patient refuses to sign the ABN and the latter is properly witnessed. For claims submitted to the Part A MAC, occurrence code 32 and the date of the ABN is required.

Modifier GX (“Notice of Liability Issued, Voluntary Under Payer Policy”) should be used when the beneficiary has signed an ABN, and a denial is anticipated based on provisions other than medical necessity, such as statutory exclusions of coverage or technical issues. An ABN is not required for these denials, but if non-covered services are reported with modifier GX, will automatically be denied services.

The –GZ modifier should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they expect that Medicare will deny an item or service as not reasonable and necessary and they have not had an ABN signed by the beneficiary. ‎If the service is statutorily non-covered, or without a benefit category, submit the ‎appropriate CPT/HCPCS code with the -GY modifier. An ABN is not required for these denials, and the limitation of liability does not apply for beneficiaries. Services with modifier GY will automatically deny.

Documentation Requirements

1. All documentation must be maintained in the patient’s medical record and available to the contractor upon request.

2. Every page of the record must be legible and include appropriate patient identification information (e.g., complete name, dates of service(s)). The documentation must include the legible signature of the physician or non-physician practitioner responsible for and providing the care to the patient.

3. The medical record documentation must support the medical necessity of the services as directed in this policy.

4. The attending physician must monitor and document the patient's clinical progress during treatment. The attending physician must use evidence-based validated depression monitoring scales such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9), the Beck Depression Scale (BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) or the Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology Systems Review (IDS-SR) to monitor treatment response and the achievement of remission of symptoms.

Utilization Guidelines

The treatment must be provided by use of a device approved by the FDA for the purpose of supplying Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

It is expected that the services would be performed as indicated by current medical literature and standards of practice. Services performed in excess of established parameters may be subject to review for medical necessity.

TMS is reasonable and necessary for up to 20 visits over a 4 week period followed by five visits for tapering for those in remission. For those who show at least a 25% improvement by means of the standard tests for depression, the therapy may be continued for an additional 2 weeks (an additional 10 visits) with an additional 6 visits for tapering. Further treatment of an episode of depression beyond this, for patients who have not achieved at least a 50% reduction in symptoms will be considered not medically reasonable and necessary and not subject to coverage.

Retreatment may be considered for patients who met the guidelines for initial treatment and subsequently developed relapse of depressive symptoms if the patient responded to prior treatments as evidenced by a greater than 50% improvement in standard rating scale measurements for depressive symptoms or if there were a relapse after remission...(e.g., (GDS), PHQ-9, BDI, HAM-D, MADRS, QIDS or IDS-SR score. A repeat treatment program is allowed as above.

Response To Comments

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Coding Information

Bill Type Codes

Code Description

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Revenue Codes

Code Description

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CPT/HCPCS Codes

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CPT/HCPCS Modifiers

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Group 1 Codes

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ICD-10-CM Codes that Support Medical Necessity

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(2 Codes)
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Group 1 Codes
Code Description
F32.2 Major depressive disorder, single episode, severe without psychotic features
F33.2 Major depressive disorder, recurrent severe without psychotic features
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ICD-10-CM Codes that DO NOT Support Medical Necessity

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ICD-10-PCS Codes

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Additional ICD-10 Information

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Bill Type Codes

Contractors may specify Bill Types to help providers identify those Bill Types typically used to report this service. Absence of a Bill Type does not guarantee that the article does not apply to that Bill Type. Complete absence of all Bill Types indicates that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all claims.

Code Description

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Revenue Codes

Contractors may specify Revenue Codes to help providers identify those Revenue Codes typically used to report this service. In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. Unless specified in the article, services reported under other Revenue Codes are equally subject to this coverage determination. Complete absence of all Revenue Codes indicates that coverage is not influenced by Revenue Code and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all Revenue Codes.

Code Description

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Other Coding Information

Group 1

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Group 1 Codes

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Coding Table Information

Excluded CPT/HCPCS Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
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Non-Excluded CPT/HCPCS Ended Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
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Revision History Information

Revision History Date Revision History Number Revision History Explanation
01/05/2023 R4

Revision Effective Date:  01/05/2023

Revision Explanation: Annual review,  no changes.

12/04/2022 R3

Revision Effective Date: 12/04/2022

Revision Explanation: Released draft article to final with policy.

01/06/2022 R2

Revision Effective Date: 01/06/2022

Revision Explanation: Annual review, no changes were made.

12/24/2020 R1

Revision Effective Date: 12/24/2020

Revision Explanation: Annual review, no changes were made.

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Associated Documents

Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2 SAD Determinations
Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2
Related Local Coverage Documents
LCDs
L36469 - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Related National Coverage Documents
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SAD Process URL 1
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SAD Process URL 2
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Statutory Requirements URLs
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Rules and Regulations URLs
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CMS Manual Explanations URLs
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Other URLs
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Public Versions
Updated On Effective Dates Status
12/29/2023 01/04/2024 - N/A Currently in Effect View
11/07/2023 11/16/2023 - 01/03/2024 Superseded View
12/29/2022 01/05/2023 - 11/15/2023 Superseded You are here
Some older versions have been archived. Please visit the MCD Archive Site to retrieve them.

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