LCD Reference Article Billing and Coding Article

Billing and Coding: Polysomnography and Other Sleep Studies

A57049

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Draft Articles are works in progress and not necessarily a reflection of the current billing and coding practices. Revisions to codes are carefully and thoroughly reviewed and are not intended to change the original intent of the LCD.

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Contractor Information

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General Information

Source Article ID
N/A
Article ID
A57049
Original ICD-9 Article ID
Not Applicable
Article Title
Billing and Coding: Polysomnography and Other Sleep Studies
Article Type
Billing and Coding
Original Effective Date
09/26/2019
Revision Effective Date
03/07/2024
Revision Ending Date
N/A
Retirement Date
N/A

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Fee schedules, relative value units, conversion factors and/or related components are not assigned by the AMA, are not part of CPT, and the AMA is not recommending their use. The AMA does not directly or indirectly practice medicine or dispense medical services. The AMA assumes no liability for data contained or not contained herein.

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CMS National Coverage Policy

When the documentation does not meet the criteria for the service rendered, or the documentation does not establish the medical necessity for the services, such services will be denied as not reasonable and necessary under Section 1862(a)(1) of the Social Security Act.

CMS Pub. 100-8, Program Integrity Manual, Chapter 13, Section 5.1

CMS Publication 100-03 Medicare National Coverage Determination (NCD) Manual) Chapter 1,
Section 240.4.1 Sleep Testing for Obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) (Effective March 3, 2009) and
Section 240.4 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy For Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (Effective March 13, 2008)

CMS Publication 100-02 Medicare Benefit Policy Chapter 6, Section 50 Sleep Disorder Clinics

CMS Publication 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, Section 70 Sleep Disorder Clinics

CMS Decision Memo for Sleep Testing for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (CAG-00405N)

CMS Decision Memo for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CAG-00093R2)

Italicized font -represents CMS national NCD language/wording copied directly from CMS Manuals or CMS Transmittals. Contractors are prohibited from changing national NCD language/wording.

Article Guidance

Article Text

This article gives guidance for billing, coding, and other guidelines in relation to local coverage policy L36902-Outpatient Psychiatry and Psychology Services.

 

General Guidelines for Claims submitted to Part A or Part B MAC:

Procedure codes may be subject to National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits or OPPS packaging edits. Refer to NCCI and OPPS requirements prior to billing Medicare. For services requiring a referring/ordering physician, the name and NPI of the referring/ordering physician must be reported on the claim. A claim submitted without a valid ICD-10-CM diagnosis code will be returned to the provider as an incomplete claim under Section 1833(e) of the Social Security Act. The diagnosis code(s) must best describe the patient's condition for which the service was performed. For diagnostic tests, report the result of the test if known; otherwise the symptoms prompting the performance of the test should be reported.

 

Advance Beneficiary Notice of Non-coverage (ABN) Modifier Guidelines

An ABN may be used for services which are likely to be non-covered, whether for medical necessity or for other reasons. Refer to CMS Publication 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 30, for complete instructions.

Effective from April 1, 2010, non-covered services should be billed with modifier –GA, -GX, -GY, or –GZ, as appropriate.

The –GA modifier (“Waiver of Liability Statement Issued as Required by Payer Policy”) should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they anticipate that Medicare will deny a specific service as not reasonable and necessary and they do have an ABN signed by the beneficiary on file. Modifier GA applies only when services will be denied under reasonable and necessary provisions, sections 1862(a)(1), 1862(a)(9), 1879(e), or 1879(g) of the Social Security Act. Effective April 1, 2010, Part A MAC systems will automatically deny services billed with modifier GA. An ABN, Form CMS-R-131, should be signed by the beneficiary to indicate that ‎he/she accepts responsibility for payment.‎ The -GA modifier may also be used on assigned claims when a patient refuses to sign the ABN and the latter is properly witnessed. For claims submitted to the Part A MAC, occurrence code 32 and the date of the ABN is required.

 

Modifier GX (“Notice of Liability Issued, Voluntary Under Payer Policy”) should be used when the beneficiary has signed an ABN, and a denial is anticipated based on provisions other than medical necessity, such as statutory exclusions of coverage or technical issues. An ABN is not required for these denials, but if non-covered services are reported with modifier GX, will automatically be denied services.

 

The –GZ modifier should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they expect that Medicare will deny an item or service as not reasonable and necessary and they have not had an ABN signed by the beneficiary. ‎If the service is statutorily non-covered, or without a benefit category, submit the ‎appropriate CPT/HCPCS code with the -GY modifier. An ABN is not required for these denials, and the limitation of liability does not apply for beneficiaries. Services with modifier GY will automatically deny.

Documentation Requirements

The patient’s medical record should include but is not limited to:

  • The assessment of the patient by the ordering provider as it relates to the complaint of the patient for that visit,
  • Relevant medical history
  • Results of pertinent tests/procedures
  • Signed and dated office visit record/operative report (Please note that all services ordered or rendered to Medicare beneficiaries must be signed.)

Documentation must show that the polysomnography (95808, 95810 and 95811) was performed in a facility based sleep study laboratory and not in the home or a mobile facility.

The sleep disorder clinic must have on file, in the patient’s record, documentation that narcolepsy symptoms are severe enough to interfere with the patient’s well-being and health.
If more than two nights of testing are performed, documentation justifying the medical necessity for the additional test(s) must be available in the patient’s medical record.

Documentation must show that the home sleep test (HST) (G0398, G0399 and G0400) were performed in conjunction with a comprehensive sleep evaluation and in patients with a high pretest probability of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

The patient who undergoes a HST must receive, prior to the test, adequate instruction on how to properly apply a portable sleep monitoring device. This instruction must be provided by the provider conducting the HST.

Documentation must show that the home sleep test was accomplished with a Medicare-approved device (e.g., description of channels monitored or clear indications of same included in the test report) and was performed by a physician meeting the training requirements listed in the “Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity Section”.

Parameters monitored and documented:

    • Start time and duration of day/night of study.

 

    • Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number/duration of awakenings.

 

    • For tests involving sleep staging: time and percent time spent in each stage.

 

    • For tests monitoring sleep latency or maintenance of wakefulness testing:
      latency to both Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.

 

    • Individual sub-test sleep latencies, mean sleep latency and the number of REM occurrences on Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT).

 

    • Respiratory patterns including type (central/obstructive/periodic), number and duration, effect on oxygenation, sleep stage/body position relationship, and response to any diagnostic and/or therapeutic maneuvers.

 

    • Cardiac rate/rhythm and any effect of sleep-disordered breathing on EKG.

 

    • Detailed behavioral observations.

 

  • EEG or EMG abnormalities.


The patient is to be referred to the clinic by the attending physician. The physician’s order must be kept in the medical record.

Utilization Guidelines
More than one HST per year interval would not be expected. If more than one HST session is performed for suspected OSA, persuasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests will be required. Similarly, more than two PSG per year interval would not be expected. If more than two PSG sessions are performed for the diagnosis or adjustment of treatment of sleep, pervasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests will be required upon request. When services are performed in excess of established parameters, they may be subject to review for medical necessity.

The routine use of more than one PSG to titrate CPAP therapy would not be considered reasonable and necessary. If more than one CPAP titration PSG is claimed, persuasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests may be requested.

95805 MSLT- includes all the naps done in a single day. Only one (1) unit of service should be submitted.

Response To Comments

Number Comment Response
1
N/A

Coding Information

Bill Type Codes

Code Description

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N/A

Revenue Codes

Code Description

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N/A

CPT/HCPCS Codes

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N/A

CPT/HCPCS Modifiers

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

ICD-10-CM Codes that Support Medical Necessity

Group 1

(9 Codes)
Group 1 Paragraph

Note: Diagnosis codes must be coded to the highest level of specificity
95805 Covered for:

Group 1 Codes
Code Description
G47.10 Hypersomnia, unspecified
G47.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
G47.14 Hypersomnia due to medical condition
G47.19 Other hypersomnia
G47.30 Sleep apnea, unspecified
G47.411 Narcolepsy with cataplexy
G47.419 Narcolepsy without cataplexy
G47.421 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere with cataplexy
G47.429 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere without cataplexy

Group 2

(24 Codes)
Group 2 Paragraph

95782, 95807, 95808 and 95810 Covered for:

Group 2 Codes
Code Description
G47.10 Hypersomnia, unspecified
G47.11 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time
G47.12 Idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time
G47.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
G47.14 Hypersomnia due to medical condition
G47.19 Other hypersomnia
G47.30 Sleep apnea, unspecified
G47.31 Primary central sleep apnea
G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult) (pediatric)
G47.34 Idiopathic sleep related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation
G47.35 Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
G47.36 Sleep related hypoventilation in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.37 Central sleep apnea in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.411 Narcolepsy with cataplexy
G47.419 Narcolepsy without cataplexy
G47.421 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere with cataplexy
G47.429 Narcolepsy in conditions classified elsewhere without cataplexy
G47.50 Parasomnia, unspecified
G47.51 Confusional arousals
G47.52 REM sleep behavior disorder
G47.53 Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
G47.54 Parasomnia in conditions classified elsewhere
G47.61 Periodic limb movement disorder
G47.9 Sleep disorder, unspecified

Group 3

(3 Codes)
Group 3 Paragraph

Medicare is establishing the following limited coverage for CPT/HCPCS code 95783, 95811 covered for:

Group 3 Codes
Code Description
G47.30 Sleep apnea, unspecified
G47.31 Primary central sleep apnea
G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult) (pediatric)

Group 4

(6 Codes)
Group 4 Paragraph

CPT codes 95800, 95801 and 95806 will be allowed when performed in a facility or home for the indications listed below:

CPT codes G0398, G0399, or G0400* will be allowed when performed in the home for the indications listed below:

 

*Any study done in the home with a type II, III or IV monitor, meeting the G code descriptors must be billed with the most specific G codes (G0398, G0399, or G0400)

Group 4 Codes
Code Description
G47.10 Hypersomnia, unspecified
G47.13 Recurrent hypersomnia
G47.14 Hypersomnia due to medical condition
G47.19 Other hypersomnia
G47.30 Sleep apnea, unspecified
G47.33 Obstructive sleep apnea (adult) (pediatric)
N/A

ICD-10-CM Codes that DO NOT Support Medical Necessity

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

ICD-10-PCS Codes

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

Additional ICD-10 Information

N/A

Bill Type Codes

Contractors may specify Bill Types to help providers identify those Bill Types typically used to report this service. Absence of a Bill Type does not guarantee that the article does not apply to that Bill Type. Complete absence of all Bill Types indicates that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all claims.

Code Description

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N/A

Revenue Codes

Contractors may specify Revenue Codes to help providers identify those Revenue Codes typically used to report this service. In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. Unless specified in the article, services reported under other Revenue Codes are equally subject to this coverage determination. Complete absence of all Revenue Codes indicates that coverage is not influenced by Revenue Code and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all Revenue Codes.

Code Description

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N/A

Other Coding Information

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

Coding Table Information

Excluded CPT/HCPCS Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
N/A N/A
N/A
Non-Excluded CPT/HCPCS Ended Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
N/A

Revision History Information

Revision History Date Revision History Number Revision History Explanation
03/07/2024 R7

Revision Effective: 03/7/2024
Revision Explanation: Annual review, no changes.

11/22/2023 R6

Revision Effective: 11/22/2023
Revision Explanation: Updated LCD Reference Article section.

01/26/2023 R5

Revision Effective: 01/26/2023

Revision Explanation: Annual Review, no changes were made.

02/03/2022 R4

Revision Effective: 02/03/2022

Revision Explanation: Annual Review, no changes were made.

01/08/2022 R3

Revision Effective: 01/08/2022

Revision Explanation:  Group 4 Paragraph was updated to include CPT codes 95800, 95801 and 95806 to be allowed to be performed in a facility or home and added asterisk information for G codes listed in the same paragraph.

01/28/2021 R2

Revision Effective: 01/28/2021

Revision Explanation: Annual Review, no changes were made.

01/24/2020 R1

Revision Effective: N/A

Revision Explanation: Annual Review, no changes made.

N/A

Associated Documents

Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2 SAD Determinations
Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2
Related National Coverage Documents
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SAD Process URL 1
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SAD Process URL 2
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Statutory Requirements URLs
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Rules and Regulations URLs
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CMS Manual Explanations URLs
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Other URLs
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Public Versions
Updated On Effective Dates Status
02/29/2024 03/07/2024 - N/A Currently in Effect You are here
11/15/2023 11/22/2023 - 03/06/2024 Superseded View
01/20/2023 01/26/2023 - 11/21/2023 Superseded View
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Keywords

  • CPAP
  • Sleep Apnea
  • Narcolepsy
  • Parasomnia