SUPERSEDED LCD Reference Article Billing and Coding Article

Billing and Coding: Echocardiography for Myocardial Perfusion

A58503

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Draft Articles are works in progress and not necessarily a reflection of the current billing and coding practices. Revisions to codes are carefully and thoroughly reviewed and are not intended to change the original intent of the LCD.
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General Information

Source Article ID
N/A
Article ID
A58503
Original ICD-9 Article ID
Not Applicable
Article Title
Billing and Coding: Echocardiography for Myocardial Perfusion
Article Type
Billing and Coding
Original Effective Date
02/07/2021
Revision Effective Date
10/01/2022
Revision Ending Date
09/30/2023
Retirement Date
N/A
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CMS National Coverage Policy

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, §1833(e) prohibits Medicare payment for any claim which lacks the necessary information to process the claim.

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 23, §30 Services Paid Under the Medicare Physician’s Fee Schedule

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-08, Medicare Program Integrity Manual, Chapter 3, §3.4.1.3 Diagnosis Code Requirements

Article Guidance

Article Text

The information in this article contains billing, coding or other guidelines that complements the Local Coverage Determination (LCD) for Echocardiography for Myocardial Perfusion L38786.

An echocardiogram done with an ultrasound enhancing agent (UEA) in the setting of cardiovascular disease for purposes of left ventricular opacification (LVO) is reasonable and medically necessary. It is the only FDA-approved use for UEAs in cardiovascular disease at the current time.

All other applications in cardiovascular disease including those for myocardial perfusion measurement or myocardial viability are currently off-label uses. However, such use does occur regularly. Furthermore, over many decades a significant amount of data has accumulated and many studies, both single and multicenter in design, have been performed. The collective evidence in its totality regarding the use of ultrasound enhancing agents approved for left ventricular opacification (LVO) purposes, specifically for myocardial perfusion evaluation is interpreted as warranting coverage despite off-label use.

Per this LCD, echocardiography with UEAs for purposes of assessing myocardial perfusion is considered reasonable and necessary when evaluating individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk factors in the setting of symptomatic angina with known or suspected underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Assessment of myocardial perfusion via echocardiography with UAEs for purposes of determining cardiac viability is also considered reasonable and necessary for purposes of therapeutic or diagnostic decision making.

Documentation:

Regarding this topic, in general, certain documentation would be expected for the use of UEAs (aka contrast) in assessing myocardial perfusion with echocardiography procedures, to include the following:

The condition/diagnosis necessitating the echocardiographic procedure

The condition/diagnosis necessitating the administration of an ultrasound enhancing agent

Documentation should be available, if requested, regarding the echocardiographic methods employed including mechanical indices utilized as well as accreditation of the lab and the certification of the echocardiographer. 

Medical records may be requested for determination of medical necessity. Additional letters of support and/or explanation are often useful, but do not represent enough documentation unless all specific information needed to make a medical necessity determination is included.

The documentation in the patient’s medical record must support the use of UEAs as being medically reasonable and necessary. Based on that documentation, the determination of reasonable and necessary is currently left to the discretion of the Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs).

Billing information:

When ultrasound (US) contrast enhancement is used for visualizing the ventricular chambers and endocardial border, the supply is considered separate from the procedure for reimbursement from Medicare.

Diagnostic injection services are an integral part of a contrast procedure and are not separately payable.

Response To Comments

Number Comment Response
1
N/A

Coding Information

Bill Type Codes

Code Description
N/A

Revenue Codes

Code Description
N/A

CPT/HCPCS Codes

Group 1

(6 Codes)
Group 1 Paragraph

The Category III CPT® code 0439T is an add-on code for CPT® codes 93306, 93307, 93308, 93350 and 93351.

Group 1 Codes
Code Description
93306 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, COMPLETE, WITH SPECTRAL DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, AND WITH COLOR FLOW DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
93307 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, COMPLETE, WITHOUT SPECTRAL OR COLOR DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
93308 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, FOLLOW-UP OR LIMITED STUDY
93350 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, DURING REST AND CARDIOVASCULAR STRESS TEST USING TREADMILL, BICYCLE EXERCISE AND/OR PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED STRESS, WITH INTERPRETATION AND REPORT;
93351 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, DURING REST AND CARDIOVASCULAR STRESS TEST USING TREADMILL, BICYCLE EXERCISE AND/OR PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED STRESS, WITH INTERPRETATION AND REPORT; INCLUDING PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MONITORING, WITH SUPERVISION BY A PHYSICIAN OR OTHER QUALIFIED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL
0439T MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST PERFUSION ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, AT REST OR WITH STRESS, FOR ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA OR VIABILITY (LIST SEPARATELY IN ADDITION TO CODE FOR PRIMARY PROCEDURE)

Group 2

(6 Codes)
Group 2 Paragraph

N/A

Group 2 Codes
Code Description
93306 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, COMPLETE, WITH SPECTRAL DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, AND WITH COLOR FLOW DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
93307 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, COMPLETE, WITHOUT SPECTRAL OR COLOR DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
93308 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, FOLLOW-UP OR LIMITED STUDY
93350 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, DURING REST AND CARDIOVASCULAR STRESS TEST USING TREADMILL, BICYCLE EXERCISE AND/OR PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED STRESS, WITH INTERPRETATION AND REPORT;
93351 ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, TRANSTHORACIC, REAL-TIME WITH IMAGE DOCUMENTATION (2D), INCLUDES M-MODE RECORDING, WHEN PERFORMED, DURING REST AND CARDIOVASCULAR STRESS TEST USING TREADMILL, BICYCLE EXERCISE AND/OR PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED STRESS, WITH INTERPRETATION AND REPORT; INCLUDING PERFORMANCE OF CONTINUOUS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MONITORING, WITH SUPERVISION BY A PHYSICIAN OR OTHER QUALIFIED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL
93352 USE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST AGENT DURING STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (LIST SEPARATELY IN ADDITION TO CODE FOR PRIMARY PROCEDURE)

Group 3

(5 Codes)
Group 3 Paragraph

N/A

Group 3 Codes
Code Description
A9700 SUPPLY OF INJECTABLE CONTRAST MATERIAL FOR USE IN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, PER STUDY
Q9950 INJECTION, SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE LIPID MICROSPHERES, PER ML
Q9955 INJECTION, PERFLEXANE LIPID MICROSPHERES, PER ML
Q9956 INJECTION, OCTAFLUOROPROPANE MICROSPHERES, PER ML
Q9957 INJECTION, PERFLUTREN LIPID MICROSPHERES, PER ML
N/A

CPT/HCPCS Modifiers

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

ICD-10-CM Codes that Support Medical Necessity

Group 1

(106 Codes)
Group 1 Paragraph

Applicable to HCPCS® code 0439T

Group 1 Codes
Code Description
I20.0 Unstable angina
I20.1 Angina pectoris with documented spasm
I20.8 Other forms of angina pectoris
I20.9 Angina pectoris, unspecified
I21.01 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left main coronary artery
I21.02 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left anterior descending coronary artery
I21.09 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving other coronary artery of anterior wall
I21.11 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving right coronary artery
I21.19 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving other coronary artery of inferior wall
I21.21 ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction involving left circumflex coronary artery
I21.4 Non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction
I21.9 Acute myocardial infarction, unspecified
I21.A1 Myocardial infarction type 2
I21.A9 Other myocardial infarction type
I22.0 Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of anterior wall
I22.1 Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of inferior wall
I22.2 Subsequent non-ST elevation (NSTEMI) myocardial infarction
I22.8 Subsequent ST elevation (STEMI) myocardial infarction of other sites
I23.7 Postinfarction angina
I23.8 Other current complications following acute myocardial infarction
I24.0 Acute coronary thrombosis not resulting in myocardial infarction
I24.8 Other forms of acute ischemic heart disease
I24.9 Acute ischemic heart disease, unspecified
I25.10 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris
I25.110 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with unstable angina pectoris
I25.111 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.112 Atherosclerosic heart disease of native coronary artery with refractory angina pectoris
I25.118 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.119 Atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.2 Old myocardial infarction
I25.5 Ischemic cardiomyopathy
I25.6 Silent myocardial ischemia
I25.700 Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s), unspecified, with unstable angina pectoris
I25.701 Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s), unspecified, with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.708 Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s), unspecified, with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.709 Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s), unspecified, with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.710 Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.711 Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.712 Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.718 Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.719 Atherosclerosis of autologous vein coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.720 Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.721 Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.722 Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.728 Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.729 Atherosclerosis of autologous artery coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.730 Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.731 Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.732 Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.738 Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.739 Atherosclerosis of nonautologous biological coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.750 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with unstable angina
I25.751 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.752 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with refractory angina pectoris
I25.758 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.759 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.760 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with unstable angina
I25.761 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.762 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with refractory angina pectoris
I25.768 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.769 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.790 Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unstable angina pectoris
I25.791 Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with angina pectoris with documented spasm
I25.792 Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with refractory angina pectoris
I25.798 Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with other forms of angina pectoris
I25.799 Atherosclerosis of other coronary artery bypass graft(s) with unspecified angina pectoris
I25.810 Atherosclerosis of coronary artery bypass graft(s) without angina pectoris
I25.811 Atherosclerosis of native coronary artery of transplanted heart without angina pectoris
I25.812 Atherosclerosis of bypass graft of coronary artery of transplanted heart without angina pectoris
I25.89 Other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease
I25.9 Chronic ischemic heart disease, unspecified
I46.2 Cardiac arrest due to underlying cardiac condition
I46.8 Cardiac arrest due to other underlying condition
I46.9 Cardiac arrest, cause unspecified
I49.01 Ventricular fibrillation
I49.02 Ventricular flutter
I49.5 Sick sinus syndrome
I97.110 Postprocedural cardiac insufficiency following cardiac surgery
I97.111 Postprocedural cardiac insufficiency following other surgery
I97.120 Postprocedural cardiac arrest following cardiac surgery
I97.121 Postprocedural cardiac arrest following other surgery
I97.130 Postprocedural heart failure following cardiac surgery
I97.131 Postprocedural heart failure following other surgery
I97.190 Other postprocedural cardiac functional disturbances following cardiac surgery
Q24.5 Malformation of coronary vessels
R00.1 Bradycardia, unspecified
R06.00 Dyspnea, unspecified
R06.01 Orthopnea
R06.02 Shortness of breath
R07.2 Precordial pain
R07.89 Other chest pain
R07.9 Chest pain, unspecified
R10.13 Epigastric pain
R11.0 Nausea
R11.2 Nausea with vomiting, unspecified
R12 Heartburn
R53.83 Other fatigue
R57.0 Cardiogenic shock
R68.84 Jaw pain
R79.89 Other specified abnormal findings of blood chemistry
R94.30 Abnormal result of cardiovascular function study, unspecified
R94.31 Abnormal electrocardiogram [ECG] [EKG]
R94.39 Abnormal result of other cardiovascular function study
Z95.1 Presence of aortocoronary bypass graft
Z95.5 Presence of coronary angioplasty implant and graft
Z98.61 Coronary angioplasty status
N/A

ICD-10-CM Codes that DO NOT Support Medical Necessity

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

ICD-10-PCS Codes

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

Additional ICD-10 Information

N/A

Bill Type Codes

Contractors may specify Bill Types to help providers identify those Bill Types typically used to report this service. Absence of a Bill Type does not guarantee that the article does not apply to that Bill Type. Complete absence of all Bill Types indicates that coverage is not influenced by Bill Type and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all claims.

Code Description
N/A

Revenue Codes

Contractors may specify Revenue Codes to help providers identify those Revenue Codes typically used to report this service. In most instances Revenue Codes are purely advisory. Unless specified in the article, services reported under other Revenue Codes are equally subject to this coverage determination. Complete absence of all Revenue Codes indicates that coverage is not influenced by Revenue Code and the article should be assumed to apply equally to all Revenue Codes.

Code Description
N/A

Other Coding Information

Group 1

Group 1 Paragraph

N/A

Group 1 Codes

N/A

N/A

Coding Table Information

Excluded CPT/HCPCS Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
N/A N/A
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Non-Excluded CPT/HCPCS Ended Codes - Table Format
Code Descriptor Generic Name Descriptor Brand Name Exclusion Effective Date Exclusion End Date Reason for Exclusion
N/A

Revision History Information

Revision History Date Revision History Number Revision History Explanation
10/01/2022 R1

Under ICD-10-CM Codes that Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes deleted I47.2 and added I25.112, I25.712, I25.722, I25.732, I25.752, I25.762, I25.792. This revision is due to the Annual ICD-10-CM Update and will become effective on 10/1/22.

N/A

Associated Documents

Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2 SAD Determinations
Medicare BPM Ch 15.50.2
Related Local Coverage Documents
LCDs
L38786 - Echocardiography for Myocardial Perfusion
Related National Coverage Documents
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SAD Process URL 1
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SAD Process URL 2
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Statutory Requirements URLs
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Rules and Regulations URLs
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CMS Manual Explanations URLs
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Other URLs
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Public Versions
Updated On Effective Dates Status
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Keywords

  • Echo