Local Coverage Determination (LCD)

Outpatient Occupational Therapy

L34427

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Proposed LCD
Proposed LCDs are works in progress that are available on the Medicare Coverage Database site for public review. Proposed LCDs are not necessarily a reflection of the current policies or practices of the contractor.

Document Note

Note History

Contractor Information

LCD Information

Document Information

Source LCD ID
N/A
LCD ID
L34427
Original ICD-9 LCD ID
Not Applicable
LCD Title
Outpatient Occupational Therapy
Proposed LCD in Comment Period
N/A
Source Proposed LCD
DL34427
Original Effective Date
For services performed on or after 10/01/2015
Revision Effective Date
For services performed on or after 04/13/2023
Revision Ending Date
N/A
Retirement Date
N/A
Notice Period Start Date
12/01/2016
Notice Period End Date
01/15/2017

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Current Dental Terminology © 2023 American Dental Association. All rights reserved.

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Issue

Issue Description

This LCD outlines limited coverage for this service with specific details under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity.

Issue - Explanation of Change Between Proposed LCD and Final LCD

CMS National Coverage Policy

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, §1862(a)(1)(A) allows coverage and payment for only those services that are considered to be reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, §1862(a)(7) excludes routine physical examinations

42 CFR §409.32 Criteria for skilled services and the need for skilled services

42 CFR §410.32(b)(3) Diagnostic x-ray tests, diagnostic laboratory tests, and other diagnostic tests: Conditions

42 CFR §410.61 Plan of treatment requirements for outpatient rehabilitation services

42 CFR §424.24 Requirements for medical and other health services furnished by providers under Medicare Part B

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 6, §20.5.2 Coverage of Outpatient Therapeutic Services Incident to a Physician’s Service Furnished on January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2019

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 8, §30.2.2.1 Documentation to Support Skilled Care Determination, §30.4.1.2 Application of Guidelines and §30.6 Daily Skilled Services Defined

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 12, §10 Comprehensive Outpatient Rehabilitation Facility (CORF) Services Provided by Medicare, §20.1 Required Services, §20.2 Optional CORF Services, §40.3 Occupational Therapy Services and §40.7 Social and/or Psychological Services

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220 Coverage of Outpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Services (Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech-Language Pathology Services) Under Medical Insurance, §220.1.1 Care of a Physician/Nonphysician Practitioner (NPP), §220.1.2 Plans of Care for Outpatient Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, or Speech-Language Pathology Services, §220.1.3 Certification and Recertification of Need for Treatment and Therapy Plans of Care, §220.1.4 Requirement That Services Be Furnished on an Outpatient Basis, §220.2 Reasonable and Necessary Outpatient Rehabilitation Therapy Services, §220.3 Documentation Requirements for Therapy Services, §230 Practice of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, and Speech-Language Pathology, §230.2 Practice of Occupational Therapy, §230.4 Services Furnished by a Therapist in Private Practice (TPP), §230.5 Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology Services Provided Incident to the Services of Physicians and Non-Physician Practitioners (NPP)

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 1, §10.2 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Acute Post-Operative Pain, §30.1 Biofeedback Therapy, §30.1.1 Biofeedback Therapy for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 2, §150.5 Diathermy Treatment, §150.8 Fluidized Therapy Dry Heat for Certain Musculoskeletal Disorders, §160.2 Treatment of Motor Function Disorders with Electric Nerve Stimulation, §160.7 Electrical Nerve Stimulators, §160.12 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulator (NMES), §160.15 Electrotherapy for Treatment of Facial Nerve Palsy (Bell’s Palsy), §160.27 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP)

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 3, §170.1 Institutional and Home Care Patient Education Programs

CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 4, §240.3 Heat Treatment, Including the Use of Diathermy and Ultra-Sound for Pulmonary Conditions, §270.1 Electrical Stimulation (ES) and Electromagnetic Therapy for the Treatment of Wounds, §270.4 Treatment of Decubitus Ulcers, §270.6 Infrared Therapy Devices

Coverage Guidance

Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity

Although rehabilitative services are provided by occupational therapy (OT), speech therapy and physical therapy (PT), this policy only addresses OT.

OT is an integral component of rehabilitative services in the areas of physical, cognitive and psychosocial impairment. OT is based on purposeful, goal directed activity (occupation). The goal of OT is to prevent, improve or restore physical and/or cognitive impairment following disease or injury. Occupational therapists (OTs) utilize clinical history, observation, interview, standardized testing and assessment of activities of daily living skills (ADLs), work skills, and leisure skills to characterize individuals with impairments, functional limitations and disabilities. The results of these assessments are used to identify structural impairments and functional limitations and to design an individualized plan of treatment to assist in improving or restoring function. All OT services must be performed by or under the supervision of a qualified OT.

For the purposes of this Local Coverage Determination (LCD), the descriptions/definitions of supervision are those given in 42 CFR §410.32(b)(3).

Qualified OT: An individual who is licensed as an OT and meets the practice requirements in the state where they are practicing.

For outpatient settings, references to “physicians” throughout this policy include nonphysician practitioners (NPPs), such as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists and physician assistants. Such NPPs may certify, order and establish the plan of care (POC) for services by OTs as authorized by state law.

A qualified OT, for program coverage purposes, is defined as an individual who is licensed as an OT and meets the practice requirements in the state where they are practicing. Physiatrists, physicians or NPPs, and qualified OTs have the knowledge, training, and experience required to evaluate and, as necessary, re-evaluate a patient’s level of function, and determine whether an OT program could reasonably be expected to improve, restore or compensate for lost function. Where appropriate, the OT can recommend to the physician or NPP a POC. While the skills of a qualified OT are required to evaluate the patient’s level of function and develop a POC, implementation of the plan may also be carried out by a qualified occupational therapy assistant (OTA) functioning under the general supervision of the qualified OT. 

NOTE: Some services must be provided by a licensed therapist and may not be performed by an OTA. Such services include:

  • Making clinical judgements or decisions
  • Developing, managing or furnishing skilled maintenance programs
  • Supervising other clinicians or taking responsibility for the service rendered
  • Acting outside of the direction and supervision of a treating OT in accordance with state laws

Restorative/Rehabilitative therapy:

In evaluating a claim for skilled therapy that is restorative/rehabilitative (i.e., whose goal and/or purpose is to reverse, in whole or in part, a previous loss of function), it would be entirely appropriate to consider the beneficiary’s potential for improvement from the services. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) notes that such a consideration must always be made in the inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) setting where skilled therapy must be reasonably expected to improve the patient’s functional capacity or adaptation to impairments in order to be covered.

Maintenance therapy:

A maintenance program is a program designed to maintain or to slow deterioration as described in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220 and §220.2 and must meet these criteria to be considered reasonable and necessary.

The treatment approach includes:

a) evaluation

b) basic activities of daily living (BADLs) training

c) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) training

d) muscle reeducation/strengthening/coordination

e) cognitive training

f) perceptual motor training

g) orthotics (splinting)

h) adaptive equipment fabrication and training

i) environment modification recommendations/training

j) patient/caregiver education/training

k) transfer training

l) functional modality training

m) manual therapy

n) physical agent modality

GENERAL OT GUIDELINES

1. OT services are covered services provided the services are of a level of complexity and sophistication, or the patient's condition is such that the services can be safely and effectively performed only by a licensed OT or under his/her supervision. Services normally considered a routine part of nursing care are not covered as OT (i.e., provide ADLs for patient with no rehabilitation potential).

2. In order for the plan of treatment to be covered, it must address a condition for which OT is an accepted method of treatment as defined by standards of medical practice. Also, the plan of treatment must be for a condition that is expected to improve significantly within a reasonable and generally predictable period of time or establishes a safe and effective maintenance program. If at any point in the treatment of an illness or injury it is determined that the treatment is not rehabilitative or does not legitimately require the services of a qualified professional for management of a maintenance program, the services will no longer be considered reasonable and necessary and are excluded from coverage.

3. Covered OT services must be furnished while the individual is or was under the care of a physician. Services must relate directly and specifically to a written plan of treatment. The plan of treatment should address specific therapeutic goals, for which modalities and procedures are planned out specifically in terms of type, frequency and duration. The physician or NPP should periodically review the plan of treatment.

4. The physician, NPP and/or therapist must document the patient's functional limitations in terms that are objective and measurable. 

SPECIFIC PROCEDURE AND MODALITY GUIDELINES

Computerized Dynamic Posturography

Computerized dynamic posturography is a "quantitative method for assessing balance functioning under various simulated tasks. Protocols are designed to test the sensory, motor and biomechanical components of balance individually and in concert." Computerized dynamic posturography "may assist with lesion localization, identifying adaptive strategies and functional capabilities."

*Note: Results of computerized dynamic posturography must be used in determining the patient centered POC.

Fabrication/Application of Casts, Splints and Strapping

Fabrication and application of casts, splints, and strapping will be considered reasonable and necessary if used to support weak, post-surgical or ineffective joints/muscles, for facilitating increased motor response, to assist in compensation in a permanent loss of motor function, reduce/correct joint limitations/deformities and/or protect body parts from injury, thus enhancing the performance of tasks or movements. The casts, splints and strapping are often used in conjunction with therapeutic exercise, functional training, other interventions, and should be selected in the context of patient's needs, social/culture environments, BADLs and IADLs.
  
BODY AND UPPER EXTREMITY CASTS

Application of long arm cast 

May be indicated for the shoulder and/or elbow in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures and/or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of short arm cast 

May be indicated for the forearm, wrist, and/or elbow in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures and/or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of hand and lower forearm cast 

May be indicated for the forearm, wrist, and/or hand in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures and/or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of finger cast (e.g., contracture)

May be indicated for the finger in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures and/or other deformities involving soft tissue.

SPLINTS

Application of long arm splint

May be indicated for the shoulder and/or elbow in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of short arm splint

May be indicated for the forearm, wrist and/or hand in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprain/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of finger splint

May be indicated for the finger in the treatment of fractures, dislocations, sprains/strains, tendonitis, post-op reconstruction, treatment of spasticity, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

STRAPPING-ANY AGE

Strapping of thorax

May be indicated for the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, rib cage or abdominal musculature in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures, or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of low back

May be indicated for the lumbar spine, rib cage or abdominal musculature in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprain/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of shoulder (e.g., Velpeau)

May be indicated for any portion of the shoulder girdle complex, or rib cage in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of elbow or wrist

May be indicated for the elbow or wrist when there is involvement of the humerus, forearm, wrist, or hand in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, edema, scar management, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of hand or finger

May be indicated where there is involvement of the hand or finger(s) in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, edema, scar management, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

LOWER EXTREMITY CASTS

Application of long leg cast

May be indicated when there is involvement of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, ankle or foot in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of short leg cast

May be indicated when there is involvement of the tibia, fibula, ankle or foot in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

SPLINTS

Application of long leg splint

May be indicated when there is involvement of the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, ankle or foot in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Application of short leg splint

May be indicated when there is involvement of the tibia, fibula, ankle or foot in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

STRAPPING ANY AGE

Strapping of hip

May be indicated when there is involvement of the lower back, abdomen or hip in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of knee

May be indicated when there is involvement of the thigh, knee or lower leg in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of ankle and/or foot

May be indicated when there is involvement of the lower leg, ankle and/or foot in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Strapping of toes

May be indicated when there is involvement of any of the toes in the treatment of contusions, dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions, neuromuscular conditions, contractures or other deformities involving soft tissue.

Biofeedback Training by any method and biofeedback training perineal muscles, anorectal or urethral sphincter including EMG and/or manometry

The coverage criteria and definition of biofeedback therapy are found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 1, §30.1 and §30.1.1.

"Biofeedback is a tool utilized by OTs to assist with muscle training. This includes facilitation of muscles that are demonstrating suboptimal performance as well as relaxation of muscles that may be inhibiting coordinated movement. Biofeedback can be visual or auditory."

Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function

The evaluation of oropharyngeal swallowing dysfunction includes the phases of oral preparatory, oral/voluntary and pharyngeal in reference to oral and motility problems in the oral cavity and pharynx.

The clinical examination may include:

a)  A history of the patient's disorder and awareness of the swallowing disorder, and indications of the localization and nature of the disorder

b) Medical status including nutritional and respiratory status

c) Oral anatomy/physiology (labial control, lingual control, palatal function)

d) Pharyngeal function

e) Laryngeal function

f) Ability to follow directions; alertness

g) Efforts and interventions used to facilitate normal swallow (compensatory strategies such as chin tuck, dietary changes, etc.)

h) Identifying symptoms during attempts to swallow

The clinical examination can be divided into 2 phases:

1. The preparatory examination with no swallow, and
2. The initial swallow examination with actual swallow while physiology is observed

Note: Based on the findings, an instrumental exam may be recommended.

Treatment of swallowing dysfunction and/or oral function for feeding

This involves the treatment for the impairments/functional limitations of mastication, the preparatory phase, oral phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase of swallowing. Appropriate recommendations will be made regarding diet and compensatory techniques and instruction given in direct/indirect therapies to facilitate oral motor control for feeding.

Muscle testing, manual

Manual testing "are intended to report manual test of muscles or muscle groups for strength based on grading scales."

Muscle testing, manual (separate procedure); extremity (excluding hand) or trunk, with report 

Every muscle of at least 1 extremity would need to be tested, with documentation of why such a thorough assessment was warranted.

Muscle testing, manual (separate procedure) with report; hand, with or without comparison with normal side 

Muscle testing, manual (separate procedure) with report; total evaluation of body, excluding hands or including hands 

The measurement of muscle performance using manual muscle testing only.

Range of Motion (ROM) Measurements 

This is the determination of ROM using a tape measure, flexible ruler, electronic device or goniometer.

Every joint of an extremity would need to be tested, with documentation of why such a thorough assessment was warranted for extremity ROM testing.

Developmental Testing; with interpretation and report

Developmental testing are services provided during testing of the cognitive function of the central nervous system. 

Standardized Cognitive Performance Testing 

Neuropsychological testing (e.g., Ross Information Processing Assessment, LOTCA- Loewenstein OT Cognitive Assessment, MVPT - Motor-Free Visual Perception Test, ACL - Allen Cognitive Test), per hour of the OT's time, both face-to-face time administering tests to the patient and time interpreting these test results and preparing the report. This is usually done outside the OTs initial evaluation/re-evaluation.

OT Evaluation and OT Re-evaluation

Evaluation is a comprehensive service that requires professional skills to make clinical judgments about conditions, for which services are indicated based on objective measurements and subjective evaluations of patient performance and functional abilities. Evaluation is warranted, e.g., for a new diagnosis or when a condition is treated in a new setting. These evaluative judgments are essential to development of the POC, including goals and the selection of interventions. The time spent in evaluation does not count as treatment time.

1. The initial examination has the following components:

   a. The patient history to include prior level of function

   b. Relevant systems review

   c. Tests and measures

   d. Current functional status (abilities and deficits)

   e. Evaluation of patient's, physician's, NPP's and as appropriate the caregiver's goals

2. Factors that influence the complexity of the examination and evaluation process include the clinical findings, extent and duration of loss of function, prior functional level, social/environmental considerations, educational level, and the patient's overall physical and cognitive health status. Thus, the evaluation reflects the chronicity or severity of the current problem, the possibility of multi-site or multi-system involvement, the presence of preexisting systemic conditions or diseases, and the stability of the condition. OTs also consider the level of the current impairments and the probability of prolonged impairment, functional limitation, disability, the living environment, prior level of function, the social/cultural supports, psychosocial factors, and use of adaptive equipment.

3. Initial evaluations or re-evaluations may be determined reasonable and necessary, even when the evaluation determines that skilled rehabilitation is not required if the patient's condition showed a need for an evaluation, or even if the goals established by the plan of treatment are not realized.

4. Re-evaluation is periodically indicated during an episode of care when the professional assessment indicates a significant improvement or decline in the patient's condition or functional status that was not anticipated in the POC. Some regulations and state practice acts require re-evaluation at specific intervals. A re-evaluation is focused on evaluation of progress toward current goals and making a professional judgment about continued care, modifying goals, and/or treatment or terminating services. OTAs may assist the OT in a re-evaluation within their scope of practice by gathering objective data, tests, measurements, etc.; however, the OT must actively and personally participate in the re-evaluation and is responsible for the assessment and the POC.

5. A re-evaluation may be appropriate prior to a planned discharge for the purposes of determining whether goals have been met, or for the use of the physician or the treatment setting at which treatment will be continued.

MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS

A maintenance program is a program intended to maintain function or slow the decline in function. Coverage of skilled rehabilitation services is contingent upon a beneficiary’s need for skilled care. When a program to maintain or reduce decline in functional status requires the skills of a licensed therapist to be performed safely and effectively, provision of skilled services for the execution of that therapy program is covered. The skilled need must come from the nature of the service being rendered and the patient’s unique circumstance. The provision of therapy services by skilled therapy personnel does not itself make the service one that requires skilled care.

Hot or Cold Packs Therapy 

Hot or cold packs are used primarily in conjunction with therapeutic procedures to provide analgesia, relieve muscle spasm and reduce inflammation and edema. Typically, cold packs are used for acute, painful conditions, and hot packs are used for subacute or chronic painful conditions.

Mechanical Traction Therapy

1. Traction is generally limited to the cervical or lumbar spine with the hope of relieving pain in or originating from those areas.

2. Specific indications for the use of mechanical traction include:

a. Cervical and/or lumbar radiculopathy
b. Back disorders such as disc herniation, lumbago, and sciatica

Vasopneumatic Device Therapy

1. The use of vasopneumatic devices may be considered reasonable and necessary for the application of pressure to an extremity for the purpose of reducing edema.

2. Specific indications for the use of vasopneumatic devices include:

a. Reduction of edema after acute injury
b. Lymphedema of an extremity
c. Education and training on the use of vasopneumatic devices for home use

Note: Further treatment on the use of vasopneumatic devices by OTs, after the education and training visits, is usually not reasonable and necessary. Generally, education and training can be completed in 3 visits.

Paraffin Bath

Paraffin bath, also known as hot wax treatment, is primarily used for pain relief in chronic joint problems or the wrist, hands, and feet.

Heat treatments of this type do not ordinarily require the skills of a qualified OT. However, in a particular case, the skills, knowledge and judgment of a qualified OT might be required in such treatments or baths, e.g., where the patient's condition is complicated by circulatory deficiency, areas of desensitization, open wounds, fractures, or other complications. Also, if such treatments are given prior to but as an integral part of a skilled OT procedure, the treatments would be considered part of the OT service.

Whirlpool/Hubbard Tank

1. Heat treatments of this type and whirlpool baths do not ordinarily require the skills of a qualified OT. However, in a particular case, the skills, knowledge and judgment of a qualified OT might be required in such treatments or baths, e.g., where the patient's condition is complicated by circulatory deficiency, areas of desensitization, open wounds, fractures, or other complications. Also, if such treatments are given prior to but as an integral part of a skilled OT procedure, the treatment would be considered part of the skilled OT service.

2. Whirlpool bath and Hubbard Tanks are the most common forms of hydrotherapy. The use of whirlpool is considered reasonable and necessary when used as part of a plan directed at facilitating the healing of an open wound (e.g., burns).

3. Specific indications for the use of whirlpools include the following:

a. The patient having a documented open wound which is draining, has a foul odor, or evidence of necrotic tissue

b. The patient having a documented need for wound debridement/bandage removal

c. Exfoliative skin impairments

Fluidized Therapy Dry Heat For Certain Musculoskeletal Disorders (Dry Whirlpool)

The coverage criteria and definition of fluidized therapy dry heat (dry whirlpool) are found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 2, §150.8.

Diathermy Treatment

Diathermy coverage criteria and definition are found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 2, §150.5 and Part 4, §240.3.

Infrared Therapy Devices

Noncoverage of Infrared Therapy Devices is described in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 4, §270.6.

Electrical Stimulation 

Electrical stimulation requires "visual, verbal and/or manual contact" (i.e., constant attendance). This requires 1-on-1 instruction for subsequent home use of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) unit.

TENS is not reasonable and necessary for the treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) under §1862(a)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act.

Electrical Stimulation Therapy-Unattended

Electrical stimulation therapy and definition are found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 4, §270.1.

Electromagnetic Therapy

Electromagnetic therapy criteria and definition are found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 4, §270.1.

Iontophoresis Application

1. Iontophoresis is a process in which electrically charged molecules or atoms (i.e., ions) are driven into tissue with an electrical field. Voltage provides the driving force. Parameters, such as drug polarity and electrophoretic mobility must be known in order to be able to assess whether iontophoresis can deliver therapeutic concentrations of a medication at sites below the skin.

2. The application of iontophoresis is considered reasonable and necessary for the topical delivery of medications into a specific area of the body.

3. Specific indications for the use of iontophoresis application may include but are not limited to patients having:

a. Tendonitis or calcific tendonitis

b. Bursitis

c. Adhesive capsulitis

d. Hyperhidrosis

e. Thick adhesive scar(s)

Contrast Baths

1. Contrast baths are a special form of therapeutic heat and cold that can be applied to distal extremities. The effectiveness of contrast baths is thought to be due to reflex hyperemia produced by the alternating exposure to heat and cold. Although a variety of applications are possible, contrast baths often are used in treatment to decrease edema and inflammation.

2. The use of contrast baths is considered reasonable and necessary to desensitize patients to pain by reflex hyperemia produced by the alternating exposure to heat and cold.

3. Specific indications for the use of contrast baths include:

a. The patient having rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory arthritis

b. The patient having reflex sympathetic dystrophy

c. The patient having a sprain or strain resulting from an acute injury

4. Heat treatments of this type and contrast baths do not ordinarily require the skills of a qualified OT. However, in a particular case, the skills, knowledge and judgment of a qualified OT might be required in such treatments or baths, e.g., where the patient's condition is complicated by circulatory deficiency, areas of desensitization, open wounds, fractures, or other complications. If such treatments were given prior to but as an integral part of a skilled OT procedure, the treatment would be considered part of the skilled OT service.

Ultrasound (US)

1. Therapeutic US is a deep heating modality that produces a sound wave of 0.8 to 3.0 MHz. In the human body, US has several pronounced effects on biologic tissues. It is attenuated by certain tissues and reflected by bone. Thus, tissues lying immediately next to bone can receive an even greater dosage of US, as much as 30% more. Because of the increased extensibility US produces in tissues of high collagen content, combined with the close proximity of joint capsules, tendons, and ligaments to cortical bone where they receive a more intense irradiation, it is an ideal modality for increasing mobility in those tissues with restricted ROM.

2. The application of US is considered reasonable and necessary for patients requiring deep heat to a specific area for reduction of pain, spasm, and joint stiffness, and the increase of muscle, tendon and ligament flexibility.

3. Specific indications for the use of US application include:

a. The patient having tightened structures limiting joint motion that require an increase in extensibility

b. The patient having symptomatic soft tissue calcification

c. The patient having neuromas

Note: US is not considered to be reasonable and necessary for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis or any other pulmonary condition.

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES:

1. Therapeutic procedures are procedures that attempt to reduce impairments and improve function through the application of clinical skills and/or services.

2. Use of these procedures requires that these services be rendered under the supervision of an OT.

3. Therapeutic exercises and neuromuscular reeducation are examples of therapeutic interventions. The expected goals documented in the written plan of treatment, effected by the use of each of these procedures, will help define whether these procedures are reasonable and necessary. Therefore, since any 1 or a combination of more than 1 of these procedures may be used in a written plan of treatment, documentation must support the use of each procedure as it relates to a specific therapeutic goal.

4. Services provided concurrently by an OT, PT and speech therapist may be covered, if separate and distinct goals are documented in the written plan of treatment.

5. Require (1-on-1) direct patient contact, unless otherwise stated. 

Therapeutic Exercise

1. Therapeutic exercise is performed with a patient either actively, active-assisted, or passively participating (e.g., isokinetic exercise, stretching, strengthening and gross and fine motor movement).

2. Therapeutic exercise may address impairments of exercise tolerance due to cardiopulmonary impairments. Therapeutic exercise with an individualized physical conditioning and exercise program using proper breathing techniques can be considered for a patient with activity limitations secondary to cardiopulmonary impairments.

3. Therapeutic exercise is considered reasonable and necessary if at least 1 of the following conditions is present and documented:

a. The patient having weakness, contracture, stiffness secondary to spasm, spasticity, decreased joint ROM, functional mobility deficits, balance and/or coordination deficits, abnormal posture, muscle imbalance

b. The patient needing to improve mobility, flexibility, strengthening, coordination, control of extremities, dexterity, ROM, or endurance as part of ADL training, or reeducation

4. Documentation for therapeutic exercise typically includes objective loss of joint motion, strength, and /or mobility (e.g., degrees of motion, strength grades, levels of assistance).

Neuromuscular Reeducation

1. This therapeutic procedure is provided to improve balance, coordination, kinesthetic sense, posture, motor planning, body awareness, and proprioception (e.g., proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, Feldenkrais, Bobath).

2. Neuromuscular reeducation may be considered reasonable and necessary for impairments, which affect the body's neuromuscular system (e.g., poor static or dynamic sitting/standing balance, loss of gross and fine motor coordination, desensitization, proprioception, hypo/hypersensitivity, hypo/hypertonicity, and neglect).

Aquatic Therapy with Therapeutic Exercises

"Aquatic therapy describes therapeutic exercises performed in a water-based environment. The properties and temperature of the water facilitate movement, particularly for muscles that are compromised due to injury, surgery, or disease (e.g., polio, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, joint arthroplasty)." It is important for the OT to document the need for exercises performed in a water-environment vs. land-based exercise. There should be a plan for transitioning from water-based exercises to land-based exercises.

1. This procedure uses the therapeutic properties of water (e.g., buoyancy, resistance). The procedure may be reasonable and necessary for a loss or restriction of joint motion, strength, or mobility (e.g., degrees or motion, strength grades, levels of assistance).

2. Aquatic therapy with therapeutic exercise may be considered reasonable and necessary in the treatment of the following conditions:

a. The patient having pain, joint stiffness or muscle spasms resulting from rheumatoid arthritis

b. The patient having had a cast removed or recent surgery and requiring mobilization of limbs

c. The patient having paraparesis or hemiparesis

d. The patient having a recent amputation

e. The patient recovery from a paralytic condition

f. The patient requiring limb mobilization after a head trauma

g. The patient having the inability to tolerate exercise for rehabilitation under gravity-based weight bearing

h. The patient having fibromyalgia

Massage Therapy

1. Massage is the application of systemic manipulation to the soft tissues of the body for therapeutic purposes. Although various assistive devices and electrical equipment are available for the purpose of delivering massage, use of the hands is considered the most effective method of application, because palpation can be used as an assessment, as well as a treatment tool.

2. Massage therapy, including effleurage, petrissage, and/or tapotement (stroking, compression, percussion) may be considered reasonable and necessary if at least 1 of the following conditions is present and documented:

a. The patient having paralyzed musculature contributing to impaired circulation

b. The patient having sensitivity of tissues to pressure

c. The patient having tight muscles resulting in shortening and/or spasticity of affective muscles

d. The patient having abnormal adherence of tissue to surrounding tissue

e. The patient requiring relaxation in preparation for neuromuscular reeducation or therapeutic exercise

f. The patient having contractures and decreased ROM

Manual Therapy Techniques 

1. Joint Mobilization (Peripheral or Spinal)

This procedure may be considered reasonable and necessary if restricted joint motion is present and documented. It may be reasonable and necessary as an adjunct to therapeutic exercises when loss of articular motion and flexibility impedes the therapeutic procedure.

2. Soft Tissue Mobilization

This procedure involves the application of skilled manual therapy techniques (active or passive) to soft tissues in order to effect changes in the soft tissues, articular structures, neural or vascular systems. Examples are facilitation of fluid exchange, restoration of movement in acutely edematous muscles, or stretching of shortened muscular or connective tissue.

Myofascial release/soft tissue mobilization can be considered reasonable and necessary if at least 1 of the following conditions is present and documented:

a. The patient having restricted joint or soft tissue motion in an extremity, neck or trunk

b. Treatment being a necessary adjunct to other OT interventions 

3. Manipulation

This procedure may be considered reasonable and necessary for treatment of painful spasm, the loss of articular motion, or restricted motion of soft tissues or joints. It may also be used as an adjunct to other therapeutic procedures. 

4. Manual Lymphatic Drainage/Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy

The goal of this type of therapy is to reduce lymphedema by routing the fluid to functional pathways, preventing backflow as the new routes become established, and to use the most appropriate methods to maintain the reduction after therapy is complete. This therapy involves intensive treatment to reduce the size by a combination of manual decongestive therapy and serial compression bandaging, followed by an exercise program.

a. It is expected that during these sessions, education is being provided to the patient and/or caregiver on the correct application of the compression bandage

b. It is also expected that after the completion of the therapy, the patient and/or caregiver can perform these activities without supervision

Group Therapeutic Procedure(s)

A group for the purpose of performing group therapy will be defined as:

a. Two or more patients per therapist receiving active therapy but not 1-on-1 treatment, and

b. The patients may be performing the same exercise or a different exercise, but the OT is instructing all the patients in the group.

Note: Regardless of the procedure or modality being performed, if the patient is not receiving direct 1-on-1 contact but is being supervised by the therapist it is considered the group therapy. 

Orthotics Training 

1. This procedure may be considered reasonable and necessary, if there is an indication for education for the application of orthotics, and the functional use of the orthotic is present and documented.

2. Generally, orthotic training can be completed in 3 visits; however, for modification of the orthotic due to healing of tissues, change in edema, or impairment in skin integrity, additional visits may be required.

3. The medical record should document the distinct treatments rendered when orthotic training for an upper and/or lower extremity is done.

4. The patient is capable of being trained to use the particular device prescribed in an appropriate manner. In some cases, the patient may not be able to perform this function, but a responsible individual can be trained to apply the device.

Prosthetic Training 

1. This procedure and training may be considered reasonable and necessary, if there is an indication for education in the application of the prosthesis, and the functional use of the prosthesis is present and documented.

2. The medical record should document the distinct goals and service rendered when prosthetic training for an upper and/or lower extremity is done.

3. Periodic revisits beyond the third month would require documentation to support medical necessity.

Orthotic/Prosthetic Checkout

1. These assessments are reasonable and necessary when there is a modification or reissue of a recently issued device or a reassessment of a newly issued device.

2. These assessments may be reasonable and necessary when patients experience a loss of function directly related to the device (e.g., pain, skin breakdown, and falls).

3. These assessments may be reasonable and necessary for determining "the patient's response to wearing the device, determining whether the patient is donning/doffing the device correctly, determining the patient's need for padding, under wrap, or socks and determining the patient's tolerance to any dynamic forces being applied."

Therapeutic Activities

1. Therapeutic activities are considered reasonable and necessary for patients needing a broad range of rehabilitative techniques. Activities can be for a specific body part or could involve the entire body. This procedure involves the use of functional activities to improve performance in a progressive manner. The activities are usually directed at a loss or impairment of mobility, strength, balance, coordination or cognition. They require the skills of an OT and are designed to address a specific functional need of the patient. These dynamic activities must be part of an active written plan of treatment and be directed at a specific outcome.

2. In order for therapeutic activities to be covered, the following requirements must be met:

a. The patient having a condition for which therapeutic activities can reasonably be expected to restore or improve functioning

b. The patient's condition being such that he/she is unable to perform therapeutic activities except under the supervision of an OT

c. There being a clear correlation between the type of exercise performed and the patient's underlying medical condition for which the therapeutic activities were prescribed

Cognitive Skills Development

1. This procedure is reasonable and necessary for patients who have a disease or injury in which impairment of cognitive functioning is documented. Impaired functions may include, but are not limited to:

• ability to follow simple commands
• ability to focus on a task
• improve problem solving skills
• improve memory
• ability to follow numerous steps in a process
• ability to complete a logical sequence task
• ability to organize parts of concepts or thoughts into a whole

2. This procedure is reasonable and necessary only when it requires the skills of an OT and is designed to address specific needs of the patient and is part of the written POC.

3. Treatment techniques utilized include, but are not limited to: recall of information, tabletop graded activities focusing on attentional skills (e.g., cancellation tasks, mazes), graded processes in steps which the patient must follow to complete the task, and computer programs that focus on the above.

4. Development of cognitive skills must be reasonable and necessary to restore and improve functioning of the patient. Documentation must relate the training to expected functional goals that are attainable by the patient.

5. Services provided concurrently by physicians, NPPs, OTs and speech therapists may be covered, if separate and distinct goals are documented in the written plan of treatment.

Sensory Integrative Techniques

The use of sensory integrative techniques is considered reasonable and necessary when patients must develop adaptive skills for sensory processing. When there has been a disruption of the auditory, vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile and/or visual system, interventions are required to assist the patient in remaining functional in their environment. The loss of sensory systems often compromises the safety of the patient; therefore, therapy should provide adaptations that allow the patient to interact with their environment to promote well-being.

Self-Care/Home Management Training

The coverage criteria of self-care/home management training is found in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-03, Medicare National Coverage Determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 3, §170.1.

"Self-care/home management training describes a group of interventions that focuses on ADL skills and compensatory activities needed to achieve independence or adapt to an evolving deterioration in health and function. These include activities such as dressing, bathing, food preparation, and cooking. The patient/client may require adaptive equipment and/or assistive technology in the home environment. This includes training the patient/client and/or caregiver in the use of the equipment." 

Community/Work Reintegration Training

Services that are related solely to specific employment opportunities, work skills, or work settings are not reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of an illness or injury and are excluded from coverage by §1862(a)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act.

Services that are covered include complex IADLs a person must do to maintain independence in the community. These tasks involve interaction with the physical and social environment. Examples of these activities may include telephone skills, written communication, handling mail, use of money, shopping, emergency procedure use/skills and use of assistive technology device/adaptive equipment. This service is only covered when the skilled intervention of OT is required to achieve established goals.

Work Hardening/Conditioning

"Work hardening and work conditioning are different interventions. Work hardening is an interdisciplinary program that is focused on tasks required for a specific job and uses real or simulated work activities to restore physical, behavioral, and vocational functions. Work hardening addresses productivity, safety, physical tolerances, and worker behavior. In contrast, work conditioning describes a work-related, intensive treatment program designed to restore strength, flexibility, and function so that the patient/client can return to work." These interventions are not covered.

Wheelchair Management Training 

Wheelchair management "includes assessing if the patient/client needs a wheelchair, determining what kind of wheelchair is appropriate, including its size and components, measuring the patient/client to ensure proper fit, and fitting the patient/client into the chair once it is received. It also includes time associated with training the patient/client and/or caregiver in transfers in and out of the chair as well as propulsion on all surfaces. It is important for the therapist to provide instructions for safety so as not to risk skin breakdown or a fall."

1. This service trains the patient in functional activities that promote optimal safety, mobility and transfers. Patients who use wheelchairs for mobility may occasionally need skilled input on positioning to avoid pressure points, contractures, and other medical complications.

2. This procedure is reasonable and necessary only when it requires the skills of an OT and is designed to address specific needs of the patient and must be part of an active written plan of treatment directed at a specific goal.

3. The patient and/or caregiver must have the capacity to learn from instructions.

4. Typically, 3 to 4 sessions should be sufficient to teach the patient and/or caregiver these skills.

5. For wheelchair propulsion training, documentation should relate the training to expected functional goals that are attainable by the patient.

Wound Care Selective Debridement 

a) Debridement

Debridement is indicated whenever necrotic tissue is present on a documented open wound. Debridement may also be indicated in cases of abnormal wound repair. Debridement techniques usually progress from non-selective to selective but can be combined. Debridement will not be considered a reasonable and necessary procedure for a wound that is clean and free of necrotic tissue.

b) Conservative Sharp Debridement

Conservative sharp debridement is a minor procedure that requires no anesthesia and is performed on an outpatient basis. Scalpel, scissors, forceps and high-pressure waterjet may be used and only clearly identified devitalized tissue is removed. Generally, there is no bleeding associated with this procedure.

Wound(s) Care Non-Selective Debridement and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy 

a) Enzymatic Debridement

Debridement with topical enzymes is used when necrotic substances to be removed from a wound are protein, fibrin and collagen. The manufacturer's product insert contains indications, contraindications, precautions, dosage, and administration. It would be the clinician's responsibility to comply with the product insert/guidelines.

b) Autolytic Debridement

This type of debridement is indicated where manageable amounts of necrotic tissue are present, and there is no infection. Autolytic debridement occurs when the enzymes that are naturally found in wound fluids are sequestered under synthetic dressings. Autolytic debridement is contraindicated for wounds that contain infection.

c) Mechanical Debridement

Wet-to-moist dressings may be used with wounds that have a high percentage of necrotic tissue. Wet-to-moist dressings should be used cautiously as maceration of surrounding tissue may hinder healing.

Hydrotherapy and wound irrigation are also forms of mechanical debridement used to remove necrotic tissue. They also should be used cautiously, as maceration of surrounding tissue may hinder healing.

d) Negative Pressure Wound Therapy

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy is a non-invasive treatment, by which controlled localized negative pressure is delivered to a wide variety of acute, sub-acute, and chronic wounds. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy should be used cautiously as maceration of surrounding tissue may hinder healing.

Physical Performance Test or Measurement

This testing may be reasonable and necessary for patients with neurological or musculoskeletal conditions, when such tests are needed to formulate or evaluate a specific written plan of treatment, or to determine a patient's functional capacity.

Assistive Technology Assessment

This assessment requires professional skill to gather data by observation and patient inquiry and may include limited objective testing and measurement to make clinical judgments regarding the patient's condition(s). Assessment determines, e.g., changes in the patient's status since the last visit and whether the planned procedure or service should be modified. Based on these assessment data, the professional may make judgment about progress toward goals and/or determine that a more complete evaluation or re-evaluation is indicated.

Summary of Evidence

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Analysis of Evidence (Rationale for Determination)

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Proposed Process Information

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Changes Fields Changed
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Associated Information
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Bibliography
Open Meetings
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Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meetings
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Reason for Proposed LCD
Requestor Information
This request was MAC initiated.
Requestor Name Requestor Letter
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Contact for Comments on Proposed LCD

Coding Information

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CPT/HCPCS Codes

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ICD-10-CM Codes that Support Medical Necessity

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ICD-10-CM Codes that DO NOT Support Medical Necessity

Group 1

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Additional ICD-10 Information

General Information

Associated Information

Documentation Requirements

Coverage criteria for OT services and documentation requirements are found in CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220.3.

1. Documentation supporting medical necessity should be legible and support those services were covered and performed. This documentation must be made available to the A/B MAC upon request.

2. The documentation in the medical records should have sufficient information to determine that a service was performed on specific dates, and the medical necessity of the service(s) rendered.

3. If the signed order includes a POC, no further certification of the plan is required. Payment is dependent on the certification of the POC rather than the order, but the use of an order is prudent to determine that a physician is involved in care and available to certify the plan.

4. Required documentation:

  • Evaluation and POC including any other pertinent characteristics of the beneficiary
  • Certifications and recertifications
  • The history and physical exam pertinent to the patient’s care, (including the response or changes in behavior to previously administered skilled services)
  • The skilled services provided
  • A detailed rationale that explains the need for the skilled service in light of the patient’s overall medical condition and experiences
  • The complexity of the service to be performed
  • Progress reports written by the clinician - Services related to progress reports are to be furnished on or before every 10th treatment day
  • Treatment notes for each treatment day (may also serve as progress reports when required information is included in the notes)
  • The Discharge Note (or Discharge Summary) is required for each episode of outpatient treatment and must be written by the clinician
  • When appropriate, a separate justification statement for services that are more extensive than is typical for the condition treated
  • Payment and coverage conditions require that the plan must be reviewed, as often as necessary but at least whenever it is certified or recertified to complete the certification requirements. It is not required that the same physician/NPP who participated initially in recommending or planning the patient's care certify and/or recertify the plans.

NOTE: Documentation must comply with the elements outlined in CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220.3 Documentation Requirements for Therapy Services.

OT would be covered at a duration and intensity appropriate to the severity of the impairment and the patient's response to treatment. Such visits would be considered covered therapy services, when the skills of a therapist are required to perform the services. The patient’s needs, course of therapy and response to therapy must be documented. 

5. Documentation should justify:

  • the individual is under the care of a physician or NPP
  • services require the skills of a therapist
  • services are of the appropriate type, frequency, intensity and duration for the individual needs of the patient

6. For restorative/rehabilitative therapy documentation should establish:

  • variables that influence the patient's condition
  • services provided at the time of treatment
  • objective measurements that the patient is making progress toward goals. If it becomes apparent at some point that the goal set for the patient is no longer a reasonable one, then the treatment goal itself should be promptly and appropriately modified to reflect this, and the patient should then be reassessed to determine whether the treatment goal as revised continues to require the provision of skilled services.
  • clinical rationale for continued treatment and/or reasons for lack of progress
  • recommended changes to the POC
  • ongoing reassessment of the patient's response to treatment

7. For maintenance therapy:

It is expected that the documentation in the patient’s medical record will reflect the need for the skilled services provided. In situations where the maintenance program is performed to maintain the patient’s current condition, such documentation would serve to demonstrate the program’s effectiveness in achieving this goal. When the maintenance program is intended to slow further deterioration of the patient’s condition, the efficacy of the services could be established by documenting that the natural progression of the patient’s medical or functional decline has been interrupted. Assessments of all goals must be performed in a frequent and regular manner, so that the resulting documentation provides a sufficient basis for determining the appropriateness of coverage.

The maintenance program provisions do not apply to the OT services furnished in a comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facility (CORF) because the statute specifies that CORF services are rehabilitative.

8. CORF social and/or psychological services do not include services for mental health diagnoses. Social and/or psychological services are covered, only if the patient's physician or the CORF physician establishes that the services directly relate to the patient's rehabilitation plan of treatment and are needed to achieve the goals in the rehabilitation plan of treatment. Social and/or psychological services are those services that address the patient's response and adjustment to the rehabilitation treatment plan: rate of improvement and progress towards the rehabilitation goals, or other services as they directly relate to the OT plan of treatment being provided to the patient.

Sources of Information
N/A
Bibliography

American Medical Association. Coding Consultation. April 2002:18.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. December 2001:1-2.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. December 2003;13(12):6.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. February 2004;14(2):5-6.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. July 2004;14(7):13.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. May 2005:1-2.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. August 2006;16(8):11.

American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. February 2007;17(2):8-9,12.

Applegate WB, Blass JP, Williams TF. Instruments for the functional assessment of older patients. New England Journal of Medicine. 1990;322(17):1207-1214.

Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: Therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review). Neurology. 2008;70(22):2067-2074.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization;2001.

The Institute of Medicine's Committee on a National Agenda for Prevention of Disabilities. Executive Summary in Disability in America: Toward a National Agenda for Prevention. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;1991.

Lawton MP, Brody EM. Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist. 1969;9(3):179-186.

Matsumura BA, Ambrose AF. Balance in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2006;22(2):395-412.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Neurodegenerative Diseases. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2014.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2000.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Spinal Cord Injury. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;1999.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Stroke. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2015.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2016.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2001.

Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Tendon Injuries. The AOTA Practice Guidelines Series. AOTA;2001.

Revision History Information

Revision History Date Revision History Number Revision History Explanation Reasons for Change
04/13/2023 R24

Under CMS National Coverage Policy updated section headings for regulations. The following regulation was removed: CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220.1 Conditions of Coverage and Payment for Outpatient Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, or Speech-Language Pathology Services. Formatting, punctuation and typographical errors were corrected throughout the LCD.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
12/08/2022 R23

Under CMS National Coverage Policy deleted “CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Transmittal 179, dated January 14, 2014, Change Request 8458.” Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity removed the following verbiage from the LCD and placed it in the related Billing and Coding A53064 article: “Note: Aquatic therapy with therapeutic exercise should not be billed in situations where no exercise is being performed in the water environment (e.g., debridement of ulcers).”

Under Associated Information revised section #4 to state:

“4. Required documentation:

  • Evaluation and POC including any other pertinent characteristics of the beneficiary
  • Certifications and recertifications
  • The history and physical exam pertinent to the patient’s care, (including the response or changes in behavior to previously administered skilled services)
  • The skilled services provided
  • A detailed rationale that explains the need for the skilled service in light of the patient’s overall medical condition and experiences
  • The complexity of the service to be performed
  • Progress reports written by the clinician - Services related to progress reports are to be furnished on or before every 10th treatment day
  • Treatment notes for each treatment day (may also serve as progress reports when required information is included in the notes)
  • The Discharge Note (or Discharge Summary) is required for each episode of outpatient treatment and must be written by the clinician
  • When appropriate, a separate justification statement for services that are more extensive than is typical for the condition treated
  • Payment and coverage conditions require that the plan must be reviewed, as often as necessary but at least whenever it is certified or recertified to complete the certification requirements. It is not required that the same physician/NPP who participated initially in recommending or planning the patient's care certify and/or recertify the plans.

NOTE: Documentation must comply with the elements outlined in CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, §220.3 Documentation Requirements for Therapy Services.

OT would be covered at a duration and intensity appropriate to the severity of the impairment and the patient's response to treatment. Such visits would be considered covered therapy services, when the skills of a therapist are required to perform the services. The patient’s needs, course of therapy and response to therapy must be documented.”

Acronyms were inserted and defined where appropriate throughout the LCD. Formatting, punctuation and typographical errors were corrected throughout the LCD.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Other (LCD revision that makes a Non-Discretionary Coverage Update - Contractors shall update LCDs to reflect changes in Statutes, Federal regulations, CMS Rulings, NCDs, HCPCS code changes for DME, coverage provisions in interpretive manuals, and payment policies.)
03/25/2021 R22

Under CMS National Coverage Policy corrected regulation 42 CFR from §410.3(b)(3) to §410.32(b)(3) and added section headings to the regulations. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity corrected regulation 42 CFR from §410.3(b)(3) to §410.32(b)(3) in third paragraph. Under Bibliography changes were made to citations to reflect AMA citation guidelines. Formatting, punctuation and typographical errors were corrected throughout the LCD. Acronyms were defined and inserted where appropriate throughout the LCD.

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
11/14/2019 R21

This LCD is being revised in order to adhere to CMS requirements per Chapter 13, Section 13.5.1 of the Program Integrity Manual, to remove all coding from LCDs. There has been no change in coverage with this LCD revision. Regulations regarding billing and coding were removed from the CMS National Coverage Policy section of this LCD and under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity Rehabilitation services for vision impairment: the coverage criteria and definition of rehabilitation services for beneficiaries with vision impairment are found in Program Memorandum, Transmittal AB-02-078, dated May 29, 2002, Change Request 2083.” was removed and placed in the placed in the related Billing and Coding: Outpatient Occupational Therapy A53064 article. Typographical errors were corrected throughout the LCD. 

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
09/05/2019 R20

 

Under CMS National Coverage Policy added 42 CFR §410.3(b) (3) Describes levels of supervision. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity removed quoted IOM text from the third and fourth paragraphs and added verbiage “supervision are those given in 42 CFR §410.3(b) (3)”. Removed quoted IOM text from the seventh paragraph. Under NOTE removed quoted IOM text and added verbiage “some services must be provided by a licensed therapist and may not be performed by an Occupational Therapy Assistant.

Such services include:  

·         Making clinical judgments or decisions 

·         Developing, managing, or furnishing skilled maintenance programs 

·         Supervising other clinicians or taking responsibility for the service rendered 

·         Acting outside of the direction and supervision of a treating occupational therapist in accordance with state laws.”  

Under Maintenance therapy quoted IOM text was removed and replaced with a maintenance program is a program designed to maintain or to slow deterioration as described in the CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, § 220 and §220.2 and must meet this. A maintenance program must meet the criteria of IOM 100-02 Chapter 15 § 220.2 to be considered reasonable and necessary. Under General Occupational Therapy Guidelines Removed quoted IOM text from #4. Under SPECIFIC PROCEDURE AND MODALITY GUIDELINES removed all coding verbiage and codes. Under MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS removed IOM text and replaced with a maintenance program is a program intended to maintain function or slow the decline in function. Coverage of skilled rehabilitation services is contingent upon a beneficiary’s need for skilled care. When a program to maintain or reduce decline in functional status requires the skills of a licensed therapist to be performed safely and effectively, provision of skilled services for the execution of that therapy program is covered. The skilled need must come from the nature of the service being rendered and the patient’s unique circumstance. The provision of therapy services by skilled therapy personnel does not itself make the service one that requires skilled care. Under Associated Information Documentation Requirements Removed quoted IOM text from #1 and replaced with “and support that the services billed were covered and performed”. Removed verbiage addressing functional reporting. All coding located in the Coding Information section has been moved into the related Billing and Coding: Outpatient Occupational Therapy A53064 article and removed from the LCD. 

  • Provider Education/Guidance
01/01/2019 R19

Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity – Developmental Testing; with interpretation and report (CPT code 96111) deleted 96111 and added 96112 and 96113 in the subtitle and the paragraph. The second sentence “Extended testing includes assessment of motor, language, social, adaptive and/or cognitive functioning by standardized developmental instruments, with interpretation and report” was deleted. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity – Electrical Stimulation (CPT codes 64550 and 97032, HCPCS code G0283) deleted 64550 from the subtitle. The second sentence “A separate CPT code 64550 is available for "initial application of a TENS unit in which electrodes are placed on the skin" for patients that will be operating the TENS unit at home” was replaced with the verbiage “Report this code only when one-on-one instruction is required for subsequent home use of TENS unit”. Under CPT/HCPCS Codes Group 1: Codes deleted 96111 and added 96112 and 96113. This revision is due to the Annual CPT®/HCPCS Code Update and becomes effective on 1/1/2019.

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Revisions Due To CPT/HCPCS Code Changes
10/01/2018 R18

Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes ICD-10 code descriptions were revised for the following: L98.495, L98.496, L98.498, S62.626S, S62.627S, S62.654S, S62.655S, S62.656S, and S62.657S. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes deleted ICD-10 codes G71.0, M79.1, T81.4XXS and added ICD-10 codes, G71.00, G71.01, G71.02, G71.09, I63.81, I63.89, I67.850, I67.858, K61.31, K61.39, K61.5, K82.A1, K82.A2, M79.10, M79.11, M79.12, M79.18, T81.40XA, T81.40XD, T81.40XS, T81.41XA, T81.41XD, T81.41XS, T81.42XA, T81.42XD, T81.42XS, T81.43XA, T81.43XD, T81.43XS, T81.44XA, T81.44XD, T81.44XS, T81.49XA, T81.49XD, and T81.49XS. This revision is due to the Annual ICD-10 Code Update and becomes effective October 1, 2018.

Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes added ICD-10 codes G62.0, G62.1, G62.2, G62.81, G72.0, G72.1, G72.2, and G72.81 to make the LCD more comprehensive.

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Revisions Due To ICD-10-CM Code Changes
07/02/2018 R17

Under ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical Necessity, Group 1: Codes added G20. This revision is due to a reconsideration request.

 At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

 

  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Public Education/Guidance
03/08/2018 R16

Under CMS National Coverage Policy in the first paragraph deleted the second and third sentence. The citation was revised for Change Request 6338. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity-Body and Upper Extremity Casts added “cast” to all headings. Punctuation was corrected throughout the LCD. Under Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function (CPT code 92610) added verbiage to a). Under Muscle testing, manual (separate procedure) with report; total evaluation of body, excluding hands (CPT code 95833 and 95834) added “… or including hands.” Under Occupational Therapy Evaluation revised the heading verbiage.  Deleted “…and Dry Whirlpool” from the heading Whirlpool (CPT code 97022)/Hubbard Tank (CPT code 97036). Under Electrical Stimulation Therapy (CPT codes 64550 and 97032, HCPCS code G0283) deleted the second paragraph and replaced the verbiage with the following text,TENS is not reasonable and necessary for the treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) under §1862(a)(1)(A) of the Act.” Under Bibliography added page numbers to American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. December 2001:1 and added the following source of information: American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. May 2005:1-2.

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Other
01/29/2018 R15 The Jurisdiction "J" Part A Contracts for Alabama (10111), Georgia (10211) and Tennessee (10311) are now being serviced by Palmetto GBA. The notice period for this LCD begins on 12/14/17 and ends on 01/28/18. Effective 01/29/18, these three contract numbers are being added to this LCD. No coverage, coding or other substantive changes (beyond the addition of the 3 Part A contract numbers) have been completed in this revision.
  • Change in Affiliated Contract Numbers
01/01/2018 R14

Under CMS National Coverage Policy added CMS Manual System, Pub 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Change Request 10303, Transmittal 3924, dated November 16, 2017. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity – Cognitive Skills Development deleted CPT code 97532 and replaced with CPT code G0515 and under Orthotic/Prosthetic Checkout deleted CPT code 97762 and replaced with CPT code 97763.Under CPT/HCPCS Codes Group 1 descriptions were revised for CPT codes 64550, 97760 and 97761. This revision is due to the Annual CPT/HCPCS Code Update.

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

 

  • Revisions Due To CPT/HCPCS Code Changes
10/01/2017 R13

Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes deleted ICD-10 codes H54.0, H54.2, S63.132S, S63.133S, S63.135S, S63.136S, S63.142S, S63.143S, S63.145S and S63.146S. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes added ICD-10 codes F50.82, G12.23, G12.24, G12.25, H54.0X33, H54.0X34, H54.0X35, H54.0X43, H54.0X44, H54.0X45, H54.0X53, H54.0X54, H54.0X55, H54.1131, H54.1132, H54.1141, H54.1142, H54.1151, H54.1152, H54.1213, H54.1214, H54.1215, H54.1223, H54.1224, H54.1225, H54.2X11, H54.2X12, H54.2X21, H54.2X22, H54.413A, H54.414A, H54.415A, H54.42A3, H54.42A4, H54.42A5, H54.511A, H54.512A, H54.52A1, H54.52A2, L97.115, L97.116, L97.118, L97.125, L97.126, L97.128, L97.215, L97.216, L97.218, L97.225, L97.226, L97.228, L97.315, L97.316, L97.318, L97.325, L97.326, L97.328, L97.415, L97.416, L97.418, L97.425, L97.426, L97.428, L97.515, L97.516, L97.518, L97.525, L97.526, L97.528, L97.815, L97.816, L97.818, L97.825, L97.826, L97.828, L97.915, L97.916, L97.918, L97.925, L97.926, L97.928, L98.415, L98.416, L98.418, L98.425, L98.426, L98.428, L98.495, L98.496, L98.498, M48.061 and M48.062. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity Group 1: Codes code description changes were made to ICD-10 codes S04.031S, S04.032S, S04.041S, S04.042S, S62.311S, S62.317S, S62.341S, S62.347S, S62.620S, S62.621S, S62.622S, S62.623S, S62.624S, S62.625S, S62.650S, S62.651S, S62.652S, S62.653S, S63.122S, S63.123S, S63.125S, S63.126S, S92.522S, S92.523S, S92.525S and S92.526S. This revision is due to the 2017 Annual ICD-10 Code Updates. 

At this time 21st Century Cures Act will apply to new and revised LCDs that restrict coverage which requires comment and notice. This revision is not a restriction to the coverage determination; and, therefore not all the fields included on the LCD are applicable as noted in this policy.

 

  • Revisions Due To ICD-10-CM Code Changes
03/16/2017 R12 Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity- Changed wording to read correct CPT title “Developmental Testing; with interpretation and report (CPT code 96111)”. Under Sources of Information and Basis for Decision- Added updated versions of “Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Stroke” from 2008 to 2015 and the “Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury” from 2009 to 2016. Corrected the journal title name from “Am Acad Neur” to “Neurology” for article by Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Typographical Error
01/16/2017 R11 Under CMS National Coverage Policy added Change Request 9782, Transmittal 3654. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity-Occupational Therapy Evaluation deleted CPT code 97003 and added the new CPT codes 97165, 97166, and 97167 for low complex, moderate complex and high complex respectively and deleted CPT code 97004 and added CPT code 97168 for Occupational Therapy Re-evaluation. Under Electrical Stimulation (ES) Therapy HCPCS G0281 added “Unattended” as the description changed. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity the short description verbiage was revised for CPT 97602 to now read Wound(s) Care Non-Selective Debridement and corrected the verbiage for CPT codes 97605 and 97606 to now read Negative Pressure Wound Therapy. Under CPT/HCPCS Codes deleted CPT codes 97003 and 97004 and added CPT codes 97165, 97166, 97167 and 97168. This revision is due to the 2017 Annual CPT/HCPCS Code Update and becomes effective 1/1/17.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Revisions Due To CPT/HCPCS Code Changes
10/01/2016 R10 Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity: Group 1 added G56.03, G56.13, G56.23, G56.33, G56.43, G56.83, G56.93, G57.03, G57.13, G57.23, G57.33, G57.43, G57.53, G57.63, G57.73, G57.83, G57.93, G61.82, I69.010, I69.011, I69.012, I69.013, I69.014, I69.015, I69.018, I69.019, I69.110, I69.111, I69.112, I69.113, I69.114, I69.115, I69.118, I69.119, I69.210, I69.211, I69.212, I69.213, I69.214, I69.215, I69.218, I69.219, I69.310, I69.311, I69.312, I69.313, I69.314, I69.315, I69.318, I69.319, I69.810, I69.811, I69.812, I69.813, I69.814, I69.815, I69.818, I69.910, I69.911, I69.912, I69.913, I69.914, I69.915, I69.918, M25.541, M25.542, M50.020, M50.021, M50.022, M50.023, M50.121, M50.122, M50.123, M84.750S, M84.751S, M84.752S, M84.754S, M84.755S, M84.757S, M84.758S, M97.01XS, M97.02XS, M97.11XS, M97.12XS, M97.21XS, M97.22XS, M97.31XS, M97.32XS, M97.41XS, M97.42XS, S03.01XS, S03.02XS, S03.03XS, S92.811S, S92.812S, S99.001S, S99.002S, S99.011S, S99.012S, S99.021S, S99.022S, S99.031S, S99.032S, S99.041S, S99.042S, S99.091S, S99.092S, S99.101S, S99.102S, S99.111S, S99.112S, S99.121S, S99.122S, S99.131S, S99.132S, S99.141S, S99.142S, S99.191S, S99.192S, S99.201S, S99.202S, S99.211S, S99.212S, S99.221S, S99.222S, S99.231S, S99.232S, S99.241S, S99.242S, S99.291S, S99.292S, T82.855S, and T82.856S. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity: Group 1 deleted F50.8, I69.01, I69.11, I69.21, I69.31, I69.81, I69.91, M50.02, M50.12, M50.22, M50.32, M50.82, M50.92, S03.0XXS, S03.4XXS, S06.0X2S, S06.0X3S S06.0X4S, S06.0X5S, T83.51XS, T83.59XS, T83.6XXS, T84.040S, T84.041S, T84.042S, T84.043S, T84.048S, T85.81XS, T85.82XS, T85.83XS T85.84XS, 85.85XS,T85.86XS, and 85.89XS. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity: Group 1 updated code descriptions for S49.031S, S49.032S, S49.131S, S49.132S, S54.8X1S, S54.8X2S, S54.8X9S, T82.817S, T82.818S, T82.827S, T82.828S, T82.837S, T82.838S, T82.847S, T82.848S, T82.857S, T82.858S, T82.867S, T82.868S, T83.111S, T83.121S, T83.191S, T83.192S, T83.711S, T83.718S, T83.721S, T83.728S, T83.81XS, T83.82XS, T83.83XS, T83.84XS, T83.85XS, T83.86XS, T85.110S, T85.111S, T85.112S, T85.120S, T85.121S, T85.122S, T85.190S, T85.191S, T85.192S, T85.620S, T85.630S, and T85.690S.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Revisions Due To ICD-10-CM Code Changes
07/29/2016 R9 Under ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical Necessity added ICD-10 codes N39.3, N39.41, N39.42 and N39.46.
  • Reconsideration Request
03/10/2016 R8 Throughout the LCD language quoted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) National Coverage Determinations (NCDs) and coverage provisions in interpretive manuals was italicized. Punctuation was corrected throughout the LCD. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity-Fabrication/Application of Casts, Splints, and Strapping added “for” to the first sentence. Under Application of short leg splint (CPT code 29515) added “…dislocations, fractures, sprains/strains, post-op conditions…” as this was inadvertently omitted. Under Strapping of knee (CPT code 29530) deleted “lower leg, ankle and/or foot” and added “thigh, knee, or lower leg…” The title was corrected for the section on Biofeedback training (CPT codes 90901 and 90911). Under Infrared Therapy Devices (CPT code 97026) added “the” to the sentence. Under Electrical Stimulation (ES) Therapy (HCPCS G0281) revised CMS Manual System to now read CMS Internet-Only Manual. Under Contrast Baths (CPT code 97034 #4) revised “whirlpool” to now read “contrast”. Under Neuromuscular Reeducation (CPT code 97112) corrected the spelling of Feldenkrais. Under Aquatic Therapy with Therapeutic Exercises (CPT code 97113) added an “s” to exercise. Under Orthotics Training (CPT code 97760) added “an” to statement #3. Under Prosthetic Training (CPT code 97761) added “an” to statement #2. Under Therapeutic Activities (CPT code 97530) 1. added “an” and deleted the “s” from therapists in the last sentence. Under Sources of Information and Basis for Decision corrected the page number to now read 13 for the following: American Medical Association. CPT Assistant. July 2004.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Typographical Error
  • Other
01/28/2016 R7 Under ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical Necessity added coverage for M54.16 as this code was inadvertently omitted from the policy.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Public Education/Guidance
  • Other (Internal Request as the code was inadvertently omitted from the policy.)
12/17/2015 R6 Added ICD-10 code Z96.652 under ICD-10 Codes that Support Medical Necessity section.
  • Reconsideration Request
  • Revisions Due To ICD-10-CM Code Changes
10/01/2015 R5 Under Bill Type Codes the description changed for bill type 034 due to the National Uniform Billing Code (NUBC) 2015 First and Second Quarter Updates.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Other (Bill Type Code Changes)
10/01/2015 R4 Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and /or Medical Necessity under the Electrical Stimulation Therapy section removed code G0281 and created a section Electrical Stimulation (ES) Therapy HCPCS G0281 Electrical Stimulation Therapy and definition are found in the CMS Manual System, Pub 100-03, Medicare National Coverage determinations Manual, Chapter 1, Part 4, §270.1.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Other (Change request 8109)
10/01/2015 R3 Under CMS National Coverage Policy added Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, §1833(e). Under CMS National Coverage Policy corrected the citation for 42 CFR, §§424.24 and 410.61, added verbiage to the citation for 42 CFR §§424.24 and 410.61 and deleted §20 from the following: CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 12, §§10, 20.1, 20.2, 30, 30.1, 40.1, 40.2, and 40.7. The following manual citation was added: CMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 5, §10.6 and 42 CFR, §409.32. The following Change Request was added: CMS Manual System, Pub 100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Transmittal 179, dated January 14, 2014, Change Request 8458. The following Change Requests were deleted as the information has now been added to the Internet-Only Manuals- Change Requests 8005, Transmittals 165 and 2622, dated December 21, 2012. Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity italicized the manual text for General Supervision and added the section title General Occupational Therapy Guidelines. Under General Occupational Therapy Guidelines #2 added “be” to the last sentence. Punctuation was corrected throughout the entire LCD. Under Fabrication/Application of Casts, Splints, and Strapping changed the CPT code to accurately read 97760. Under Body and Upper Extremity Casts and Splints throughout the section corrected “tendinitis” to now read “tendonitis”. The verbiage “May be” was added to Strapping of thorax and Strapping of ankle and /or foot. Under Strapping of hip and Strapping of knee revised” post-op contusions” to now read “post-op conditions.” Under Evaluation of oral and pharyngeal swallowing function revised “including” to now read “includes” and added “the” X3 under the sentence labeled a). Under Treatment of swallowing dysfunction and/or oral function for feeding revised “stage” to read “phase” and added “the” to the first sentence. “Make” was deleted, “will be made” was added, and “instruct” was revised to now read “instruction given” in the second sentence. Under Range of Motion Measurements added “flexible”. The section title was corrected to now read Standardized Cognitive Performance Testing (CPT 96125). Under Coverage Indications, Limitations and/or Medical Necessity-Maintenance Programs deleted the last paragraph as this was quoted from the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual-Home Health Services. Under Vasopneumatic Device Therapy #2b added “… of an extremity.” Under General Guidelines for Therapeutic Procedures #5 deleted the “s” from “Requires”. Under Aquatic Therapy with Therapeutic Exercise deleted “… which may include but are not limited to the patient having…” Under Massage Therapy deleted “…having patient” as this was a typographical error. Under Prosthetic Training #2 added “or”. The entire section labeled Cognitive Skills Development was reworded for clarity. The section title was corrected to now read Sensory Integrative Techniques and the last sentence of the paragraph was reworded for clarity. Under Self Care/Home Management deleted “…and definition” from the first sentence. Under Community/Work Reintegration Training corrected “IADDLs” to now read “IADLs”. Under Associated Information-Documentation Requirements corrected the cited manual section to now read §220.3 and added “hospitals” to the paragraph on functional reporting. Under Associated Information-Documentation Requirements #1 deleted “the” in the sentence. Under Sources of Information and Basis for Decision references were added including the following: multiple cited CPT Assistants and Coding Consultation; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization;2001 and Matsumura BA, Ambrose AF. Balance in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2006;22(2):395-412. Volume numbers and supplement numbers were added to several cited journals. Author initials were corrected for T Lempert. Publication dates were updated for several cited occupational therapy practice guidelines.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Typographical Error
10/01/2015 R2 Under CPT/HCPCS Codes revisions were made to the description for 97605 and 97606.
  • Revisions Due To CPT/HCPCS Code Changes
10/01/2015 R1 Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity effective 06/29/2014, the following invalid codes were deleted due to the 2014 & 2015 Annual ICD-10 Code Update: M47.17, M47.18, and M51.07. Under ICD-10 Codes That Support Medical Necessity effective 06/29/2014, ICD-10 code description verbiage was revised due to the 2014 & 2015 Annual ICD-10 Code Update for the following: M08.88, M12.08, M12.28, M12.38, M12.58, M12.88, M25.08, M25.18, M50.01, M50.11, M50.21, M50.31, M50.81, M50.91, and M84.58XS.This revision becomes effective 10/01/2014.
  • Provider Education/Guidance
  • Revisions Due To ICD-10-CM Code Changes
N/A

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Keywords

  • Occupational Therapy
  • OT

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